上海市浦东新区大气污染物短期暴露对小学生肺功能的影响

Effect of short-term exposure of air pollution on lung function of pupils in Pudong New Area in Shanghai

目的了解大气污染短期暴露对小学生肺功能指标的影响。方法于2017年9月—2018年6月选取上海市浦东新区4所小学四年级145名小学生为研究对象,于秋、冬、春、夏4个季节测试小学生肺功能4次。收集同期4所小学附近环境空气主要污染物细颗粒物(particulate matter 2.5,PM_(2.5))、可吸入颗粒物(particulate matter 10,PM_(10))、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)和CO的逐日平均浓度和气象监测数据,采用线性混合效应模型分析大气污染短期暴露对小学生肺功能指标的影响。结果大气污染物与肺功能指标的混合线性效应模型结果显示,滞留2天(Lag2)日PM;每增加1个四分位间距(interquartile range,IQR)(24.00μg/m^(3)),最大呼气峰流速(peak expiration flow,PEF%)值降低1.95%;Lag3日PM;每增加1个IQR(20.54μg/m^(3)),PEF%值降低3.51%;Lag3日SO_(2)每增加1个IQR(4.25μg/m^(3)),第1秒用力肺活量/用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC%)值降低1.81%;Lag2日NO_(2)每增加1个IQR(24.00μg/m^(3)),PEF%值降低3.15%;Lag0日CO每增加1个IQR(0.28 mg/m^(3)),FEV1%值降低1.86%;Lag01日CO每增加1个IQR(0.34μg/m^(3)),FEV1%值降低1.90%;Lag0日CO每增加1个IQR(0.28 mg/m^(3)),FEV1/FVC%值降低1.96%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论大气污染物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)和CO与小学生肺功能存在短期负性影响,并有一定程度的滞后性。

Objective To study the effect of short-term exposure of air pollution on lung function of pupils.Methods Totally 145pupils in Grade 4 of four elementary schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai were selected from September 2017 to June 2018,and lung function tests were performed in the autumn,winter,spring and summer for totally four times.The daily average concentrations of main air pollutants,including particulate matter 2.5(PM_(2.5)),particulate matter 10(PM_(10)),SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3)and CO,in environment around four primary schools and the meteorological monitoring data were collected during the same period.Linear mixed effected model was used to analyze the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on pulmonary function in primary school students.Results The results of the mixed linear effect model of air pollutants and lung function indicators showed that for every increase of interquartile range(IQR)(24.00μg/m^(3))in PM_(2.5)on Lag2 day,the peak expiration flow(PEF%)value decreases by 1.95%;for every increase of IQR(20.54μg/m^(3))in PM_(10)on Lag3 day,PEF%value decreased by 3.51%;for every increase of IQR(4.25μg/m^(3))in SO_(2)on Lag3 day,the forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity(FEV;/FVC%)value decreased by 1.81%;for every increase of IQR(24.00μg/m^(3))in NO_(2)on Lag2 day,PEF%value decreased by 3.15%;for every increase of IQR(0.28 mg/m^(3))in CO on Lag0 day,FEV1%value decreased by 1.86%;for every increase of IQR(0.34μg/m^(3))in CO onLag01 day,FEV1%value decreased by1.90%;for every increase of IQR(0.28 mg/m^(3))in CO on Lag0 day,FEV1/FVC%value decreased by1.96%(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Air pollutants such as PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2)and CO may have shortterm adverse effect on pupil’s lung function,and have a certain degree of lag.