道义论决策倾向在共情与内隐、外显艾滋病公众污名间的中介作用

Mediation effect of deontological decision tendency between empathy and implicit and explicit public stigma of AIDS

目的了解大学生艾滋病公众污名的现状,考察共情、道义论决策倾向对艾滋病公众污名的作用。方法2021年5月通过线上媒体和现场招募,选取国内4所高校的大学生作为研究对象,获得有效被试109人,运用单类内隐联想测验(single category implicit association,SC-IAT)、大学生艾滋病污名问卷(HIV-related stigma questionnaire,HRSQ)分别测量外显、内隐艾滋病公众污名,通过人际指针量表(interpersonal reactivity index-C,IRI-C)、道德决策情景材料(ethical decision making situational materials,MDM)分别测量共情和道义论决策倾向的水平,并对数据进行分析。结果与国内常模比较,调查对象在外显艾滋病公众污名及其子维度上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男大学生的共情得分[(66.29±14.40)分]低于女大学生[(74.54±8.72)分],且外显污名的“接近恐惧”维度得分[(20.73±4.03)分]低于女大学生(24.21±2.50)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.744、4.111,均P<0.01);理工类学生的共情得分[(61.80±11.43)分]低于人文类学生[(71.48±12.61)分],差异有统计学意义(t=3.175,P<0.01)。大学生内隐、外显艾滋病公众污名与共情能力和道义论决策倾向间互为显著相关(r=0.258、-0.281、-0.363、-0.298、-0.426、0.272,均P<0.01)。道义论决策倾向在共情对内隐和外显艾滋病公众污名中的中介作用显著,中介效应占总效应比值分别为41.9%和50.0%。结论国内高校大学生存在艾滋病公众污名的情况,可以通过改善大学生的共情能力和道德决策倾向来降低艾滋病公众污名水平。

Objective To investigate the current situation of public stigma of AIDS among college students,explore the effects of empathy and deontological decision tendency on public stigma of AIDS.Methods 109 college students were collected from four universities in China through online media and on-site recruitment in May 2021.The single category implicit association(SC-IAT)and the HIV-related stigma questionnaire(HRSQ)were used to measure the implicit and explicit public stigma of AIDS respectively.The interpersonal reactivity index-C(IRI-C)and the ethical decision making situational materials(MDM)were used to measure the levels of empathy and deontological decision tendency,and the data were analyzed.Results Compared with national norms,there were statistically significant differences in explicit public stigma of AIDS and its sub dimensions among respondents(all P<0.05).The empathy score of male college students[(66.29±14.40)points]was lower than that of female college students[(74.54±8.72)points],the"proximity fear"dimension score of explicit stigma[(20.73±4.03)points]was lower than that of female college students[(24.21±2.50)points],and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.744,4.111,both P<0.01).The empathy score of science and engineering students[(61.80±11.43)points]was lower than that of female college students[(71.48±12.61)points],and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.175,P<0.01).There were significant correlations between college students’implicit and explicit public stigma of AIDS,the empathy and the deontology decision tendency(r=0.258,-0.281,-0.363,-0.298,-0.426,0.272,all P<0.01).The mediation effect of deontological decision tendency between empathy and implicit and explicit public stigma of AIDS was significant,and the ratio of mediating effect to total effect was 41.9%and 50.0%respectively.Conclusion There is public stigma of AIDS among college students in China,and it can be reduced by improving empathy and deontological decision tendency college students.