健康教育后孕妇母乳喂养知识、态度现状及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding in pregnant women after health education

目的对孕妇接受母乳喂养教育后的知识、态度进行调查,探讨母乳喂养健康教育优化的方向与方法。方法选取2018年4月至5月在浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院孕妇学校接受母乳喂养健康教育的753名孕妇为研究对象,使用自制《母乳喂养知识问卷》(BKQ)和《Iowa婴儿喂养态度量表》(IIFAS)进行母乳喂养知识、态度评价,分析影响因素及易错题所涉知识点。结果孕妇平均年龄(31.35±4.30)岁,教学后BKQ平均得分为(15.29±2.19)分,IIFAS平均得分为(67.43±6.39)分;多重线性回归结果显示孕妇高学历、经产、高龄,其BKQ得分越高(β值分别为1.028、0.565、0.457,P<0.05);孕妇高学历、经产,其IIFAS得分越高(β值分别为2.194、1.385,P<0.05);易错题相关知识点包括母乳喂养益处、母乳喂养问题解决、喂养状况判断方法及哺乳方法要点。结论接受过母乳喂养教育的孕妇母乳喂养知识处于中高水平,对母乳喂养态度积极;建议孕妇学校进行教学效果评价,加强易错知识点的教学,同时需提高对低学历孕妇的教学关注,调动经产妇的积极资源,设计创新型课程,进一步提高教学质量及效果。

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women after receiving breastfeeding education,and to explore the direction and method of breastfeeding health education optimization.Methods From April to May 2018,a total of 735 pregnant women,who received breastfeeding health education in the pregnancy school of Women′s Hospital School Of Medicine Zhejiang University,were selected as the study subjects.The breastfeeding knowledge and attitude were evaluated with the self-developed Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire(BKQ)and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale(IIFAS).The influencing factors as well as the knowledge involved in error-prone questions were analyzed.Results The average age of pregnant women was(31.35±4.30)years old,the average score of BKQ after education was(15.29±2.19)points,and the average score of IIFAS was(67.43±6.39)points.The results of multivariate linear regression showed that pregnant women who were with high educational level,multipara and advanced pregnancy had higher BKQ scores(β=1.028,0.565 and 0.457,respectively,P<0.05),and pregnant women who were with high educational level and multipara had higher IIFAS scores(β=2.194 and 1.385,respectively,P<0.05).The knowledge related to error-prone questions included the benefits of breastfeeding,breastfeeding problem solving,assessment of feeding status and key points of breastfeeding practice.Conclusion Pregnant women have middle-to-high level of breastfeeding knowledge and develop positive attitude towards breastfeeding after breastfeeding education.It is recommended that pregnancy schools conduct teaching effect evaluation to improve the teaching of the weak knowledge points.Furthermore,it is necessary to pay more attention to pregnant women with low educational level,and develop creative courses with the help of multiparous women to upgrade the quality and effect of education.