我国11省份青少年饮食行为和运动状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis on dietary behavior and exercise status of adolescents in 11 provinces in China

目的了解我国在校青少年饮食行为和运动状况,比较不同性别、不同地区、不同学校青少年饮食行为和运动状况的差异。方法调查采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,于2017年10月在我国中、西、东部11省份的15个区/县抽取初中、普通高中和职业高中的15415名学生为研究对象。使用“中国青少年健康危险行为监测问卷”中的饮食行为和运动状况内容作为调查工具,收集青少年的相关信息并进行数据分析。结果在校青少年过去7天每天食用早餐、奶/豆制品、水果、蔬菜的比例分别是62.4%、61.9%、53.1%和83.7%;职高学生的上述报告率均低于初中和普通高中学生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为271.978、414.045、1066.090、303.526,P<0.05)。在校青少年过去7天喝软饮料和去过快餐店就餐的比例分别是55.3%和31.7%;职高学生上述行为报告率高于初中和普通高中学生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为361.897、124.040,P<0.05)。每周体育课≥3次的青少年仅占27.1%,还有7.5%的青少年每周体育课≤1次;在校外从不体育锻炼的青少年占14.5%。结论青少年饮食行为和运动状况有待提高,职业中学青少年是干预的重点人群,妇幼保健机构开展青少年保健服务应关注饮食行为和运动领域。

Objective To understand the dietary behavior and exercise status of school adolescents in China,and to compare the differences of dietary behavior and exercise status among adolescents in different genders,regions and schools.Methods The survey adopted the method of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling.In October 2017,15415 students from junior high school,general senior high school and vocational high school were selected from 15 districts or counties in 11 provinces in central,western and eastern China.The contents of dietary behavior and exercise status in the Chinese adolescent health risk behavior monitoring questionnaire were used as survey tools to collect relevant information of adolescents and analyze the data.Results The proportions of breakfast,milk/bean products,fruits and vegetables in past seven days,were 62.4%,61.9%,53.1%and 83.7%,respectively.The above rates of vocational high school students were lower than those of junior high school,general senior high school students,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=271.978,414.045,1066.090 and 303.526,P<0.05,respectively).The rate of teenagers who drank soft drinks and went to fast food restaurants in the past seven days was 55.3%and 31.7%respectively.The above rates of vocational high school students were higher than those of junior high school,general senior high school students,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=361.897 and 124.040,respectively,P<0.05).Only 27.1%of the adolescents had physical education classes≥3 times per week,and 7.5%of the adolescents had physical education classes≤1 time per week.The proportion of teenagers who never exercise outside school was 14.5%.Conclusion The dietary behavior and exercise status of adolescents need to be improved.Adolescents in vocational high schools are the key population for intervention.Maternal and child health care institutions should pay attention to the areas of dietary behavior and exercise in adolescent health care services.