西安市雁塔区893例0~6岁儿童血清矿物质水平及各元素相关性分析

Analysis of serum mineral contents and mutual correlations among various mineral elements in 893 children aged 0-6 years in Yanta district,Xi′an city

目的了解西安市雁塔区0~6岁儿童血清铁、锌、钙、铜、镁、铅和镉水平及各元素之间的相关性,为临床工作提供理论依据。方法选择2018年6月至2019年12月于西安交通大学第一附属医院儿保门诊行正常体检的西安市雁塔区893例0~6岁儿童为研究对象,按年龄将其分为婴儿组、幼儿组和学龄前组。用原子吸收光谱法检测血清铁、锌、钙、铜、镁、铅、镉7种元素,比较各年龄段儿童不同元素的水平及相关性。结果本研究中铁、锌及重金属元素铅、镉的含量随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势,而钙、铜元素的含量随着年龄的增加有所下降(F/H值分别为13.48、164.41、11.94、8.64、113.11、20.35,P<0.05),镁元素在各年龄段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);本研究儿童钙、铁、锌缺乏的检出率较高,分别为26.7%、16.3%和8.9%,而铜和镁元素缺乏的检出率较低,分别为2.2%、1.9%,其中钙和铁缺乏检出率随年龄增长而增高(χ^(2)值分别为23.96、10.86,P<0.05);893例儿童未检出铅和镉超标者;各元素相关分析结果显示血清锌和钙正相关(r=0.938,P<0.05),血清铅和镉正相关(r=0.172,P<0.05),血清钙和镁负相关(r=-0.881,P<0.05),血清铜和锌、铅、镉均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.112、-0.103、-0.132,P<0.05)。结论雁塔区儿童钙缺乏较为明显,铁其次,应做好钙、铁营养知识的宣教。各元素之间存在协调、拮抗等相互作用,因此补充某一元素时需注意剂量适当,同时需注意各元素之间的比例和平衡,科学补充矿物质。

Objective To investigate serum levels of calcium,iron,zinc,magnesium,copper,lead and cadmium of children aged 0-6 years in Yanta district of Xi′an city,and mutual correlations among various mineral elements,so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 893 children aged 0-6 years in Yanta district of Xian city who received physical examination in clinic of Department of Child Health,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University over a period from June 2018 to December 2019 were selected as study subjects.They were divided into three groups according to age:infants group,toddlers group and preschool children group.In atomic absorption spectrometry,seven elements in serum as iron,zinc,calcium,copper,magnesium,lead and cadmium were detected.The mean values of the elements were compared among the different age groups,and the mutual correlations among the elements were also analyzed.Results The mean serum values of iron,zinc,heavy metal elements as lead and cadmium of the children elevated with increase in age,while the mean values of calcium and copper decreased with increase in age(F/H=13.48,164.41,11.94,8.64,113.11 and 20.35 respectively,all P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the mean value of magnesium among the different age groups(P>0.05).The detection rates of calcium,iron,and zinc deficiencies in the study children were relatively higher,which were 26.7%,16.3%and 8.9%respectively,while the detection rates of copper and magnesium deficiencies were lower,which were 2.2%and 1.9%respectively.The detection rates of calcium and iron deficiency increased with the advance in age(χ^(2)=23.96 and 10.86 respectively,both P<0.05).No lead or cadmium poisoning was found in 893 children.Correlation analysis between the every two elements found that serum zinc level was positively correlated with serum calcium level(r=0.938,P<0.05),serum lead level was positively correlated with serum cadmium level(r=0.172,P<0.05),and serum calcium level was negatively correlated with serum magnesium level(r=-0.881,P<0.05),serum copper level was negatively correlated with serum zinc,lead and cadmium levels(r=-0.112,-0.103 and-0.132 respectively,all P<0.05).Conclusion Calcium deficiency in children in Yanta district of Xian city is more obvious,and iron deficiency is the next.So,the knowledge of calcium and iron nutrition should be well educated for the parents of the children.There are coordination,antagonism and other interactions among the elements,therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate dose when one element is supplemented.At the same time,attention should be paid to proportion and balance among the elements,so as to supplement minerals scientifically.