处理小体在病毒感染中的作用

The role of processing body in viral infection

处理小体也称P小体(processing body,P-body)存在于细胞质中,为含有多种蛋白和RNA的胞浆复合物。P小体不仅在维持细胞生命周期、调节细胞正常活动上具有重要作用,还是机体免疫防御组成成分,感染时起着抗病毒的功能。病毒感染时,一些P小体组分单独作用于病毒,并且通过多种机制抑制病毒复制。然而,病毒在长期进化过程中也衍生出了对抗机体防御的相应策略,如降解P小体成分,干扰P小体关键成分作用,改变P小体成分。文章对P小体组成、功能、抗病毒机制以及病毒的应对措施等作一综述,旨在进一步阐释病毒感染与P小体之间的相互影响和调控。

Processing bodies(P-bodies)are cytoplasmic complexes and exist in the cytoplasm.P-bodies contain multiple proteins and RNAs.P-bodies are not only involved in maintaining cell life cycle and regulating normal cell activities,but also in the host's defenses against viral infection.During viral infection,some components of P-bodies act alone on the viruses and prevent them from replicating by various mechanisms.Due to the long-term evolution,Viruses have developed strategies to counter the body's defenses,particularly degradating components of the P-bodies,interacting with target components of the P-bodies,and altering components of the P-bodies.This article reviews the composition and function of P-bodies,the anti-viral mechanism of P-bodies,and the countermeasures formed during the evolution of the viruses.It aims to further explain the interaction between viral infection and P-bodies.