人工智能对就业的影响:创造还是破坏?

The Impacts of AI on Employment: Creative Effect or Destructive Effect?

近年来人工智能迅速发展,但其对就业不仅会产生创造效应,也会产生破坏效应。研究利用2008—2016年中国省级面板数据,探索在智能物质资本投入影响下不同地区和不同技能水平劳动力的需求变化,分析人工智能通过创造效应和破坏效应对我国劳动力就业的影响和作用方向。研究发现:人工智能对不同技能水平劳动力的就业影响方向不同,存在“两极化”趋势;产业结构升级将在一定程度上进一步加剧人工智能对就业“两极化”发展的影响;人工智能对不同地区的不同技能水平的劳动力有差异性影响。研究建议,应进一步加强教育培训,优化产业结构,完善社会福利,以应对人工智能的破坏效应,促进劳动力市场的稳定。

Artifi cial intelligence(AI)has developed rapidly in recent years.It has,however,exerted not only a creative effect,but also a destructive effect on employment.Using the provincial panel data of China from 2008 to 2016,the current study explores the changes of workforce demand in different regions and at different skill levels under the infl uence of intelligent material capital investment,and analyzes the impact and effect direction of AI on the workforce employment in China by channels of creative effect and destructive effect.The study found that AI affects the workforce employment in different aspects and at different skill levels,and there is a trend of"polarization";the upgrading of the industrial structure will to a certain extent further aggravate the impacts of AI on the"polarization"of employment;and AI has a differential impact on the workforce employment in different regions and at different skill levels.The study suggests that we should further strengthen educational training,optimize the industrial structure,and improve social welfare to cope with the destructive effects of AI and promote the stability of the labor market.