口腔修复诊室中义齿粉尘浓度检测与分析

Detection and analysis of dental dust concentration in the department of prosthodontics

目的:检测与分析口腔修复科义齿粉尘污染现况并提出有效的防护措施。方法:使用个体粉尘采样泵,对口腔修复科常见的5种义齿材料(超硬树脂基托、高级人工牙、光敏塑料、钴铬合金和饰面瓷)所产生的粉尘进行呼吸性粉尘浓度检测,使用X射线衍射分析法(XRD)检测饰面瓷粉尘中游离二氧化硅呼吸性粉尘浓度,使用电感耦合原子发射光谱分析法(ICP-AES)检测钴铬合金粉尘中钴元素的胸廓性粉尘及铬元素的可吸入性粉尘浓度,并将测定结果与中国和美国的职业接触限值进行对比。结果:口腔修复科5种常见粉尘的呼吸性粉尘浓度均远低于中国和美国制定的职业接触限值。饰面瓷中游离二氧化硅、钴铬合金中钴及化合物粉尘浓度均低于检测下限。铬及其化合物可检出,但其浓度也远低于职业接触限值。结论:口腔修复诊室中存在粉尘污染问题,以重金属污染(如铬)为主,应采取通风吸尘及配戴专业口罩等防护措施。

PURPOSE:To detect and analyze dental dust pollution in the department of prosthodontics and propose reasonable protective measures.METHODS:Individual dust sampling pumps were used to detect the concentration of respirable dust produced by five common dental materials(hard resin base,advanced artificial teeth,photosensitive plastic,cobaltchromium alloy,veneering ceramics)in the department of prosthodontics.X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to detect the con-centration of free silica respirable dust in veneer porcelain dust.Inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was used to detect the thoracic dust of cobalt element and the inhalable dust concentration of chromium element in cobaltchromium alloy dust.The results were compared with the occupational exposure limits set by China and the United States.RESULTS:The respiratory dust concentration of the five common dusts in the department of prosthodontics was far lower than occupational exposure limits set by China and the United States.The concentration of free silica in veneer porcelain,cobalt and its compounds in cobalt-chromium alloys were below the lower detection limit.Chromium and its compounds can be detected,and its concentration was also far below the occupational exposure limit.CONCLUSIONS:Problem of dust pol lution in the department of prosthodontics exists,which is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution(such as chromium).Protec-tive measures such as ventilation and wearing professional mask should be taken to protect the health of dental practitioners.