“遣策”的定名与分类

Naming and Classification of“Qiance”

出土文献中,有这样一类简,它们用于记录随葬物品,学界称之为“遣策”。而对遣策的称谓和类属划分,学界还存在一些争议。遣策在不同历史时期具备不同的特点,若依旧以遣策称之,则不太符合实际情况,而以丧葬文书称之,从功能及性质上来说较为合理。具体来说,战国至西汉初期,丧葬文书包括遣策、赗书,遣策在丧葬文书中占据主体地位;西汉中期以降至汉末,丧葬文书的主体为衣物疏,还包括器志、墓券。此外还有告地策,是用来沟通“人间与阴间”的文书。

In the unearthed documents,there is a kind of bamboo slips,which are used to record burial objects,and are called“qiance”by the academic circles.However,concerning qiance's appellation and classification,there are still some disputes.Qiance has different features in different historical periods.Using this name does not conform to the actual situation,but using funeral document is more reasonable in view of the function and nature.Specifically,from the Warring States period to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty,the funeral document includes qiance and fengshu,and qiance occupies an dominant position;from the mid-period of the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Han Dynasty,the main body of funeral document includes yiwushu,qizhi,muquan,and gaodice which is the document connecting“world”with“underworld”.