新型多边合作背景下的亚投行豁免:适用与挑战

AIIB Immunity in the Context of New Multilateral Cooperation:Application and Challenges

亚投行是中国探索新型多边合作的有力尝试,其承担了重要的金融与公益职能。亚投行豁免主要由《亚洲基础设施投资银行协定》规定,包括亚投行的管辖豁免、财产执行豁免和职员豁免,均以“职能必要”为限。亚投行结合时代背景进行豁免制度创新,扩大自身与职员不享有豁免的范围,鼓励和平解决争端,相关措辞严谨完善。限制豁免等司法观点给亚投行豁免带来了新的挑战,亚投行可以通过监察与争议解决机制及时干预投融资项目,适时放弃豁免、接受公众监督并主动承担社会责任。中国亦应完善相关立法以应对将来可能出现的争议。

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB)is a powerful attempt by China to explore a new type of multilateral cooperation,assuming important financial and public interest functions.The immunity regime of AIIB is mainly regulated by the AIIB Agreement,including the jurisdictional immunity,property execution immunity and staff immunity,all to the extent necessary for its functions.The AIIB's immunity is innovative for the times,expanding the scope of immunity not available to itself and its staff,encouraging the peaceful settlement of disputes,and the strict wording of the treaty.Judicial opinions such as the limitation of immunity pose new challenges to AIIB immunity,and AIIB can intervene in a timely manner through monitoring and dispute resolution mechanisms for investment and financing projects,waiving immunity when appropriate,accepting public scrutiny and taking social responsibility.China also needs to improve the relevant legislation to deal with possible disputes in the future.