小麦玉米轮作区周年耕作模式对夏玉米生长的影响

Effects of Annual Tillage Patterns on the Growth of Summer Maize

[目的]探究冬小麦夏玉米区周年不同耕作模式对夏玉米生育期、干物质积累及产量的影响,为基于机械化的新型耕作制度改革提供科学依据。[方法]以冬小麦夏玉米周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2018-2021年进行了连续3年的大田试验。采取裂区设计,小麦季设旋耕、深松加旋耕和深翻加旋耕3个主处理,玉米季设免耕播种、灭茬播种、灭茬旋耕播种3个副处理,调查夏玉米生育期和主要的农艺性状,测定夏玉米各生育期叶面积、干物质累积和产量。[结果]深松免耕周年耕作措施的夏玉米出苗率高、苗期整齐度好;深松或深翻与免耕或灭茬组成的周年耕作模式动态叶面积大,干物质累积量多,其玉米平均产量均在12300 kg/hm^(2)以上,显著高于其他周年耕作组合。[结论]小麦季深松或深翻与玉米季灭茬或直播的周年耕作模式,尤其小麦季深翻与玉米季灭茬的周年耕作模式在黄淮海一年两熟区可显著提高夏玉米产量,带动德州市粮食大面积均衡增产,助力德州市吨半粮生产能力建设。

[Objective]To explore the effects of annual different tillage patterns on the growth period,dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize in winter wheat and summer maize area,so as to provide scientific basis for the reform of new farming system based on mechanization.[Method]Taking the annual tillage pattern of winter wheat and summer maize as the research object,field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years from^(2)018 to 2021.The split-plot design was adopted.Three main treatments of rotary tillage,subsoiling plus rotary tillage and deep turning plus rotary tillage were set in the wheat season,and three sub-treatments of no tillage sowing,stubble killing sowing and stubble killing rotary tillage sowing were set in the maize season.The growth period and main agronomic characters of summer maize were investigated,and the leaf area,dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize in each growth period were measured.[Result]The annual tillage measures of subsoiling and no tillage had high seedling emergence rate and good seedling uniformity.The annual tillage model composed of subsoiling or deep turning and no tillage or stubble has large dynamic leaf area and large dry matter accumulation.The average yield of maize was more than 12300 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than other annual tillage combinations.[Conclusion]The annual tillage mode of subsoiling or deep turning in wheat season and stubble elimination or direct seeding in maize season,especially the annual tillage mode of deep turning in wheat season and stubble elimination in maize season could significantly improve the yield of summer maize in the double cropping area of Huang-Huai-Hai,which was expected to drive the balanced increase of grain production in a large area in Dezhou City and help the construction of production capacity of tons and a half of grain in Dezhou.