中国青年就业状况及其影响因素研究——基于CGSS2017数据的实证分析

A Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Youth Employment:Based on Empirical Analysis of Chinese General Social Survey

经济社会的快速发展深刻影响青年群体的就业观念和行为。文章基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS2017)数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型分析个体特征、家庭禀赋和宏观环境三个维度的因素对青年就业行为的影响。研究发现:青年整体就业状况不容乐观,低龄、低学历、低健康水平青年的失业问题突出;性别、年龄、健康状况、个体认知能力、受教育程度等个体特征显著影响青年的就业行为;家庭经济资本、家庭文化资本、家庭社会资本、户口性质、家庭规模等家庭方面的因素对青年就业行为有显著的影响;产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化能够显著促进青年就业;个体人力资本的提升可有效促进青年就业,且在一定程度上缓解家庭禀赋不利对青年就业的影响。通过引导青年树立正确的就业观念、实施青年就业专项帮扶、纾解青年家庭与工作的矛盾、营造更加公平的就业环境,可以促进青年就业、提升青年就业质量。

The rapid development of economy and society has a profound impact on the employment concept and behavior of youth.Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS2017),this paper uses binary logistic regression model to analyze the impact of individual characteristics,family endowments and macroenvironment on youth employment.The results of empirical analysis show that the overall employment situation of young people is not optimistic,and the unemployment problem of people with young age,lower education and poor health condition is worthy of attention;the individual characteristics of young people are the main factors affecting their employment.Gender,age,health condition,cognitive skills and education significantly affect the employment behavior of young people.Family background also affects youth employment.Economic capital,cultural capital,social capital,census register and family size all have a significant impact on youth employment.Rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure can significantly promote youth employment.The increase of human capital can not only effectively promote youth employment,but also weaken the impact of insufficient family endowments on youth employment.In order to promote youth employment and improve their employment quality,this paper puts forward suggestions from four dimensions:establishing employment aid system for youth,promoting a change in the concept of employment among the youth,moderating the relationship between the family-work conflict,creating equal and fair employment environment.