比较视角下社会资本参与公共服务市场化的经验与路径

Comparative Study of Social Capital in the Marketization of Public Service: Experiences and the Road Map

在公共服务领域推广运用PPP,实现公共服务供给的市场化,是拓宽城镇化建设融资渠道、实现高质量发展的有效途径。西方发达国家PPP是自由市场经济、民营化市场主体与契约精神相结合的产物,以公共服务的“市场化”、“民营化”和“契约化”为鲜明特征,实现了自由市场经济、完备法治体系、强国家能力的统一。中国公共服务供给市场化是在改革开放、简政放权、构建服务型政府的过程中推进的,对于建设服务型政府、保障社会主义公有制主体地位、实现社会主义现代化强国目标具有积极意义,但同时具有政府发挥绝对性作用、非公有制资本参与率低、行政管理越位、法规建构不完善等特征。公共服务供给市场化没有放之四海而皆准的模式。第三波民主化国家改革的经验表明,倘若在公共服务供给中一味追求民营化、私有化等一系列新自由主义模式,必然会给国家造成危害。当前,中国应当在全过程人民民主的进程中推进公共服务市场化,不断优化政府职能,完善法治建设,充分彰显社会资本参与公共服务供给市场化的独特优势。

Popularizing PPP in public service and realizing marketization of public service supply is an effective way to facilitate access to finance for urbanization construction and achieve high-quality development. PPP in western developed countries is the product of the combination of free market economy, market dominated by private enterprises,and contract spirit. With the distinctive features of “marketization”, “privatization” and “contractualization” of public services, it has realized the unification of free market economy, complete rule of law system and strong national capacity. The marketization of China’s public service supply is advanced in the process of reform and opening up,streamlining administration and delegating power, and building a service-oriented government. It is positive for building a service-oriented government, maintaining the dominant position of socialist public ownership, building China into a modern socialist country, but it is flawed in many ways: the government plays an absolute role;the participation of nonpublic capital is low;administrative departments overstep their authority;it requires more effective rules and regulations. There is no one-size-fits-all model for the marketization of public service provision. The experience of the countries in the third wave of democratic reform shows that the blind pursuit of a series of neoliberal models such as denationalization and privatization is harmful to the country. At present, China should push for the marketization of public service in the whole-process democracy, constantly optimize government functions, improve the rule of law, and give full play to the unique advantages of social capital in the marketization of public service provision.