肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体在肿瘤微环境中的调控作用及其与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的关系

The regulatory role of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor microenvironment and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophages

在癌症疾病中,癌细胞及其周围的肿瘤微环境(TME)共同决定了肿瘤的恶性表型。除肿瘤细胞外,TME还含有多种基质细胞,包括成纤维细胞、淋巴细胞、炎症细胞、内皮细胞和间充质干细胞。TME中的细胞通讯对肿瘤的发生发展以及侵袭、转移等恶性生物学行为有重要影响。外泌体是多种细胞释放的胞外小泡,参与多种肿瘤的发生发展。外泌体通过细胞间通讯参与TME调节。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)作为TME中必不可少的免疫基质细胞,通过介导血管生成、转移、化疗耐药和免疫逃逸等途径参与肿瘤的发生发展。然而,肿瘤细胞通讯的分子机制尚未完全阐明。本文综述了目前有关外泌体在TME和TAMs中的研究成果,并对外泌体在癌症诊断和诊疗方法方面的潜在应用前景做出了展望。

The malignant phenotype of a tumor is determined by both the cancer cells and its surrounding tumor microenvironment(TME).In addition to tumor cells,TME also contains a variety of stromal cells,including fibroblasts,lymphocytes,inflammatory cells,endothelial cells,and mesenchymal stem cells,which always evolve alongside tumor cells.Cell communication in TME plays an important role in tumor development,invasion and metastasis.Exosome are extracellular vesicles released by a variety of cells,which participate in the occurrence and development of tumors.Exosomes participate in the regulation of TME through intercellular communication.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),as essential immune stromal cells in TME,participate in the occurrence and development of tumors by mediating angiogenesis,metastasis,chemotherapy resistance and immune escape.However,the molecular mechanism of tumor cell communication has not been fully elucidated.This paper reviews the role of exosomes in TME and TAMs,and the potential application prospects of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment.