数字化与商业银行经营转型——基于传统业务结构变迁视角

The Digitalization and Business Transformation of Commercial Banks——From the Perspective of Structure Changes in Banks’Traditional Business

本文从商业银行传统业务结构变迁的视角出发,从营销渠道结构、贷款信用结构、信贷行业结构三个维度探究商业银行数字化发展与其经营转型的关系。本文使用我国187家商业银行2010—2019年的网点与财务数据研究发现,银行数字化水平与网点增量负相关,与信用(保证)贷款比例正(负)相关,且与贷款行业集中度负相关。因此,银行数字化转型可以优化银行业务流程,促进银行调整贷款信用结构、行业结构,使银行可以更好地服务实体经济。

The adoption of Fintech has become an inevitable trend in China’s financial development,as digital transformation based on financial technology has become one of the most important driving forces to promote the business transformation of commercial banks.This paper explores the relationship between the digital transformation of commercial banks and their business transformation.More specifically,from the perspective of the structure change in banks’traditional business,this paper analyzes the expansion of bank outlets,the loan credit structure,and the industry concentration in bank lending.Using a panel of 187 commercial banks in China from 2010 to 2019,this paper explores the relationship between the digital transformation of commercial banks and their business transformation.Banks’digital transformation is measured by the Digital Transformation Index of commercial banks constructed by the Digital Finance Research Center at Peking University.The results show that banks’digitalization level is negatively correlated with the expansion of bank outlets,suggesting that banks’online operations,to some extent,can be viewed as substitutes to brick-and-mortar outlets.Moreover,banks’degree of digitalization is found to be positively correlated with the share of credit loans,and negatively correlated with the share of guaranteed loans.Lastly,the degree of industry concentration in bank lending appears to be negatively correlated to the level of digital transformation of commercial banks.As the findings suggest,the digital transformation of banks could optimize their business processes,enhance their ability of information collection and processing.In other words,it enables banks to better serve the real economy,by reducing their costs of operation and enhancing banks’ability to control risks.Therefore,banks should firstly,pay more attention to the role of digital transformation in the structure changes in their traditional business.Secondly,take advantage of the potential substitution between digital banking and their off-line operations.Thirdly,enhance banks’credit risk management with the help of Fintech.