摘要
As an additional CO_(2)-mitigation strategy to carbon capture and storage,CO_(2)capture and utilization(CCU)is attracting increasing interest globally.The potential applications of CCU are diverse,ranging from using CO_(2)in greenhouses and farming to conversion of CO_(2)into fuels,chemicals,polymers and building materials.CO_(2)has already been used for decades with mature technologies in various industrial processes such as CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery,the food and beverage industry,urea production,water treatment and the production of fire retardants and coolants.There are also many new CO_(2)-utilization technologies at various stages of development and commercialization.These technologies have the potential to provide opportunities for emission savings for power and other industrial sectors by partially substituting fossil-fuel raw materials,increasing efficiency and using renewable energy,and generating revenues through producing marketable products.This paper investigates the CO_(2)-utilization technologies that convert CO_(2)into commercial products via chemical and biochemical reactions with a focus on front-running technologies that are at,or close to,large-scale demonstration or commercialization.The CO_(2)-utilization technologies are grouped according to the technological routes used,such as electrochemical,photocatalytic and photosynthetic,catalytic,biological process(using microbes and enzymes),copolymerization and mineralization.Recent developments and the status of the CO_(2)-utilization technologies are reviewed.The environmental impact of CCU is also discussed in terms of life-cycle analysis.
