北京出土汉晋时期铜镜概说

Overview of Bronze Mirrors Unearthed in Beijing from Han to Jin Dynasty

铜镜是北京汉晋墓葬中最为常见且兼具日常生活和随葬用品双重性质的金属器具。目前所见北京出土的汉晋时期铜镜,镜面可分为平直不带弧度和外凸有弧度两种,以后者为主。钮有连峰式、扁圆和圆钮等类型,以后者为主。钮座有圆钮座、柿蒂纹钮座、连珠纹钮座等,以前者为主。镜缘多数为素宽缘,窄缘和有纹饰缘并不多见。缘边多为斜直呈坡状,少数为竖直。镜背图案,以钮为中心,呈同心圆或条带状分布。据此,可将这一时期的铜镜分为西汉中晚期、东汉早中期、东汉晚期、魏晋时期四个发展阶段。不同历史时期随葬铜镜现象差异,一定程度上反映了北京的社会状况,墓主人及家庭的财富、地位以及作为日常生活实用器时铜镜在本地区的拥有量,北京与铜镜原产地间的流通与运输等因素的影响与变化。

Bronze mirror is the most common metal appliance in Han and Jin tombs in Beijing,which has the dual properties of daily life and burial articles.At present,the bronze mirrors unearthed in Beijing in the Han and Jin Dynasties can be divided into two types:straight without radian and convex with radian,mainly the latter.There are many types of buttons,such as continuous peak type,flat circle and round button,and the latter is the main type.The button seat includes round button seat,persimmon stem pattern button seat,beaded pattern button seat,etc.the former is the main one.Most of the mirror edges are plain wide edges,and narrow edges and decorative edges are rare.Most of the edges are inclined and straight in slope shape,and a few are vertical.The pattern on the back of the mirror,centered on the button,is distributed in concentric circles or strips.Accordingly,the bronze mirrors in this period can be divided into four development stages:the middle and late Western Han Dynasty,the early and middle Eastern Han Dynasty,the late Eastern Han Dynasty,and the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The differences in the phenomenon of buried bronze mirrors in different historical periods reflect,to a certain extent,the influence and changes of social conditions in Beijing,the wealth and status of tomb owners and families,the ownership of bronze mirrors in this region as a practical tool for daily life,and the circulation and transportation between Beijing and the origin of bronze mirrors.