“博物”与“明志”——一座民间博物馆的道德关怀

Museums and Meaning-Making:The Ethics of a Non-State Museum in China

过去近二十年间,中国私人收藏持续升温,民间博物馆正成为民间资本参与文化遗产保护的一个新趋势。作为民间博物馆的一种类型,民间纪念性博物馆可被视作个人情感和历史叙事相交融的记忆空间,其实践者往往带有强烈的历史责任感和道德关怀。本文以中国规模最大的民间博物馆——建川博物馆聚落为案例,分析该项目如何通过收藏和展示抗日战争、红色年代、汶川地震等中国近百年间的重大事件,抒发一种特殊的家国情怀。基于2015至2017年在建川博物馆进行的总共为期十五个月的民族志调研,本文将解读建川博物馆所体现的独特历史使命感,并探讨民间实践对理解博物馆伦理与博物馆社会责任的启示。

Over the past twenty years,private initiatives have become a notable trend in China’s ongoing‘museum boom’.As a salient contrast to the state-owned heritage construction,non-state museums are memory spaces that communicate the historical narratives of communities and individuals with a shared sense of moral responsibility to pursue historical‘truth’and restore collective memories.This paper looks at the Jianchuan Museum Complex(JMC),China’s largest non-state museum project,to examine how it conveys a special sense of patriotic sentiment through its collection and representation of significant historical events in China’s past hundred years,including the Anti-Japanese War,the Red Age and the Wenchuan earthquake.Based on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork at the museum from 2015 to 2017,this paper seeks to understand the sense of historical responsibility and ethical commitment of the Jianchuan Museum,and how non-state museum practices may inform new ways of understanding museum ethics and innovation.