贮藏时间对不同西瓜品种类胡萝卜素组分及含量的影响

Storage time affects carotenoids components and contents of different watermelon varieties

为了探明贮藏时间对不同西瓜品种类胡萝卜素组分及含量的影响,以8个成熟期西瓜品种为研究对象,在西瓜采收后的0、5、10、15、20 d测定西瓜中的类胡萝卜素组分及含量。结果表明,在整个贮藏期间,黄瓤西瓜瓜瓤中类胡萝卜素主要组分为紫黄质和叶黄素,黄红瓤西瓜类胡萝卜素组分主要有紫黄质、叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素及痕量番茄红素,红瓤西瓜类胡萝卜素组分主要有番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素及少量的紫黄质和叶黄素。随着贮藏时间的延长,不同品种西瓜瓜瓤中的类胡萝卜素各组分及含量变化趋势不同。红瓤西瓜GR-2总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势;GR-1瓜瓤中总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势;GY-4瓜瓤中总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势;其他品种西瓜瓜瓤中总类胡萝卜素含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。黄瓤西瓜在贮藏当天没有检测到番茄红素,但是随着贮藏时间的延长检测到痕量的番茄红素。该研究结果可为西瓜品质评价和营养育种等重要领域提供依据。

The effects of storage time and variety on the composition and content of carotenoids in watermelon were studied.Taking 8 varieties of mature watermelon as the research object,the carotenoids components and contents of watermelon were determined at 0,5,10,15 and 20 days after harvest.The results showed that during the whole storage period,the main carotenoids of yellow flesh watermelon were violaxanthin and lutein,and the carotenoids of yellow-red flesh watermelon were violaxanthin,luteinβ-carotene and trace lycopene.The carotene components of red flesh watermelon mainly include lycopeneβ-carotene and a small amount of violaxanthin and lutein.With the extension of storage time,the change trend of carotenoids components and content in different varieties of watermelon is different.The total carotenoid content of GR-2 in red flesh watermelon first increases.The content of total carotenoids in GR-1 melon pulp first decreased,then increased and then decreased,the content of total carotenoids in GY-4 melon pulp first decreased,then increased and then decreased,and the content of total carotenoids in other watermelon varieties first increased and then decreased.Lycopene was not detected in yellow flesh watermelon on the day of storage,but trace lycopene was detected with the extension of storage time.