内感知敏感性与焦虑障碍

Interoceptive sensitivity and anxiety disorders

焦虑障碍是一类常见的精神障碍。越来越多的研究发现内感知敏感性,即机体对心率、呼吸、血压等一系列生理活动的反应敏感性,与焦虑障碍的易感性密切相关。了解内感知在焦虑障碍发生中的作用,对于了解该病的发病机制和指导治疗有着重要作用。本文系统综述了内感知敏感性在焦虑障碍的发病机制,内感知敏感性升高与杏仁核异常激活相互作用,导致病理性焦虑情绪的产生;此外,岛叶也可通过调节内感知调节情绪反应。同时,内感知还与基因及神经递质有关,这可能也是重要的焦虑障碍的生物标志物。基于内感知调节在治疗焦虑中的应用,可通过呼吸聚焦调节呼吸内感知、应用重复经颅磁刺激调节内感知相关脑网络以及使用脑电内感知生物反馈等治疗方法改善内感知,从而缓解焦虑症状,起到治疗作用。综上,内感知敏感性异常在焦虑障碍的发生中起着重要作用,目前针对内感知治疗焦虑障碍的方法有多种,但相关治疗机制不清。所以,今后的研究需深入探索内感知在焦虑中的作用机制,以及探讨相关治疗的作用机理。

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health condition.More and more studies have found that interoceptive sensitivity,such as the sensitivity of the body to a series of physiological activities such as heart rate,respiration,blood pressure and so on,is closely related to the susceptibility to anxiety disorders.So,understanding the role of interoception in the occurrence of anxiety disorders plays an important role in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and guiding treatment.This article reviewed the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders,the interaction between increased interoceptive sensitivity and abnormal activation of the amygdala,which results in pathological anxiety,the insula also regulates emotional responses by regulating interoception.It is also associated with genes and neurotransmitters,which may be important biomarkers of anxiety disorders.At the same time,interoception is also associated with genes and neurotransmitters,which may also be important biomarkers of anxiety disorders.In terms of treatment,we can use respiratory therapy to regulate respiratory perception,apply rTMS to stimulate the relevant network of interoception,and use electroencephalography to reflect interoception biofeedback and other treatment methods to improve interoception,to alleviate anxiety symptoms.In conclusion,the abnormal sensitivity of interoception plays an important role in the occurrence of anxiety disorders.Currently,there are many therapeutic methods for the treatment of anxiety disorders based on interoception,but the relevant therapeutic mechanism is unclear.Therefore,future research needs to explore the mechanism of interoception in anxiety and explore the mechanism of related treatment.