分子影像技术在癫痫诊治中的研究进展

Research progress of molecular imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy

分子影像学是一个正在发展的研究领域,已成为目前研究热点,它融合了分子生物化学、数据处理、纳米技术、图像处理等技术,具有高特异性、高灵敏度和图像分辨率高的特点,可为临床诊断提供定性、定位、定量的资料。在临床上有30%的癫痫患者发展为难治性癫痫,而磁共振不能发现结构性病变,这部分患者需要进行精准定位,方能提高癫痫外科手术的有效性。由于目前的术前定位手段仍有一定的局限性,导致有一部分癫痫患者术后仍反复发作,为此,学者们不断探究特异性高、灵敏性强的靶向示踪剂,运用各种纳米技术,各种功能磁共振成像手段来研究癫痫的精准定位手段。本文总结分析国内外分子影像技术的最新研究,如单光子发射计算机断层成像、正电子发射断层成像的分子显像最新研究、各种纳米技术结合功能磁共振手段在癫痫精准诊治中的应用以及目前发现的各种靶向示踪剂,结果提示,定量图像分析的不断改进、多模式成像的集成、正电子发射断层成像放射性示踪剂的开发、纳米和功能磁共振的结合将使人们对癫痫的病理生理机制有更全面的了解,有望实现难治性癫痫的精准诊疗。

Molecular imaging is a developing research field and it has become a research hotspot.It integrates molecular biochemistry,data processing,nanotechnology,image processing and other technologies and has high specificity,high sensitivity,and high image resolution.It can provide qualitative,positioning,and quantitative data for clinical diagnosis.Clinically,30%of epileptic patients develop into intractable epilepsy,but magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)can not detect structural lesions.These patients need accurate positioning in order to improve the effectiveness of epilepsy surgery.Because the current preoperative positioning methods have certain limitations,some epileptic patients still have recurrent seizures after the operation.Therefore,researchers continue to explore targeted tracers with high specificity and strong sensitivity.Various nanotechnology and functional magnetic resonance imaging methods are used to study the accurate localization methods of epilepsy.This paper summarized and analyzed the latest research of molecular imaging technology in China and abroad,such as the latest research of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)and positron emission tomography(PET)molecular imaging,the application of various nanotechnology combined with functional magnetic resonance in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy,and various targeted tracers that haven been developed at present.The results suggest that the continuous improvement of quantitative image analysis,the integration of multi-mode imaging,the development of PET radioactive tracers,and the combination of nanotechnology and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of epilepsy.It is promising to realize the accurate diagnosis and treatment of intractable epilepsy.