清季士人群体的“明遗民”记忆及其政治文化效应

The Intellectual Group’s Memory on“Adherents of Ming Dynasty”in Late Qing Dynasty and Its Political Culture Effects

清季士人群体的“明遗民”记忆,不仅作为一种能动性力量参与到当时政治改革讨论之中,还对清末民初的国族认同结构及其生成路径产生持续影响。通过考察“尚武”“爱国”等“明遗民”记忆共相与殊相,可以看到清季士人群体在互通和共享“明遗民”记忆的同时,还对这些记忆进行不同程度的政治赋义并由此发生政治论战,也即发生“明遗民”记忆及其所隐喻不同政治观点的角力竞争。清季“明遗民”记忆激起的“民族主义”,经由广义的国族进阶转化,在后来团结国民、抵御外侮方面发挥作用,这也构成“明遗民”记忆参与之下清末民初国族认同重塑或再生的一种演化路径。

The intellectual group’s memory on adherents of Ming dynasty in Late Qing Dynasty not only takes part in the discussion of political reforms as a dynamic agency,but also has sustainable impacts on the structure of national identity and its generate path during late Qing and early Republic of China.Through investigating on the memory typically represented by martial spirit and patriotism as universals and particulars,it could reveal that different intellectual groups exchange and share the memory while giving it different political meanings with varying degrees and thus launching political debates,that is the memory competition with different political metaphors.The nationalism aroused by the memory in late Qing through the advanced transformation of nation in a broad sense,plays a role later in uniting the people and resisting foreign aggression,which constitutes one of evolution tracks of remodeling or regenerating national identity with the memory participation.