日本建设海洋国家的思想溯源——以福泽谕吉和吉田茂为中心

Origin of Thought of Japan’s Building Itself into a Maritime Country——Centered around Fukuzawa Yukichi and Yoshida Shigeru

日本对海洋大国的追求具有深厚的历史基因,有强大的海洋思维的支撑。建设“海洋国家”的思想倾向出现在中日甲午战争后。福泽谕吉作为启蒙思想家,在近代日本的海洋国家建设,尤其是宣扬海权思想方面,起到了舆论导向的作用。吉田茂作为二战后日本“最具有海洋意识”的首相,以海洋思维规划国家发展路线。福泽谕吉和吉田茂活跃在不同的年代,他们的思想却实现了穿越时空的交汇。二人倡导的海洋国家在目标上趋同,但思想内涵有相异之处。福泽谕吉描绘的海洋国家愿景以“军事和经济”为核心内容;吉田茂描绘的海洋国家愿景以“经济和政治外交”为核心内容,并在战后引领日本确立了“经济主导的海洋国家”身份。

Japan has been seeking maritime power for many years and supported by strong ocean thinking.After the Sino-Japanese War,the thought of building a“maritime country”has emerged in Japan.As a thinker of enlightenment,Fukuzawa Yukichi played a key role,especially promoting the thought of sea power.As Japan’s“most ocean-consciousness”prime minister after World War II,Yoshida Shigeru set up the national development route with ocean thinking.Both of them realized the intersection of time and space,and had the same goals of building maritime country,but the connotation was slightly different.Fukuzawa Yukichi held a vision of“military and economic”as its core content,whereas Shigeru Yoshida has“economics and political diplomacy”as its core content,leading Japan to establish its status as an“economic-led maritime country”after World War II.