晚清公共舆论中女性国民形象的认知与生成——以《大公报》为中心的考察

Cognition and Generation of Image of“Female Citizens”in Public Opinion in the Late Qing Dynasty:Centering on Ta Kung Pao

晚清以降,为了冲破儒家伦理束缚女性的藩篱,肩负“开风气、牖民智”的《大公报》试图重塑女性国民形象,一改传统性别版图中“女性失语”的窘况。检视其相关述论,《大公报》将女性缠足与国耻话语相关联,把身着短装视为奴婢身份标识,甚或对传统女性生活习尚亦嗤之以愚民形象。在此基础上,它通过资取域外女性生活范型,模塑了现代“女国民”的理想形象。这种叙述模式不再执着于女性日常陋俗的聒噪,而是上升到女权、国家形象层面,最终构建出合乎民风习尚与官方意识的理想女国民形象。更为关键的是,这种批判——重构的叙事风格得益于吕碧城、英敛之等主笔编辑的极力宣扬,同时也契合“西风东渐”的近代启蒙愿景。

Since the late Qing Dynasty,in order to break the fetter of Confucian ethics on women,Ta Kung Pao,which undertook the responsibility of“opening the social atmosphere and enlightening the people”,tried to reshape the image of women citizens,and change the awkward situation that female was aphasia in traditional gender territory.Ta Kung Pao associated foot-binding with the national humiliation,and regarded wearing short outfits as a sign of slavery,even considered the traditional female life habits as stupid,examining the related narratives.Furthermore,it had modeled the ideal image of modern“female citizens”by sourcing foreign women’s life models.This narrative presented the characteristics of the media selection,it no longer persisted on arguing the undesirable customs of the women,but rose to the level of feminism and national image,and finally constructed an ideal image of“women citizens”which is in line with folk customs and official ideas.More importantly,this critical and reconstructed narrative style was not only due to the vigorous promotion of the main editors,such as Lv Bicheng and Ying Lianzhi,but also fitted into the modern enlightenment vision of“learning from the West”.