高速列车滚动受电弓弓头载流温升特性

Thermal Characteristics of Current-carrying Rotatable Pantograph for High-speed Trains

随着对高速列车运营速度及牵引功率的需求不断提升,传统受电弓搭载的碳滑板需要面对更高速度带来的磨损加剧,牵引电流提升引起的接触面温度激增等挑战。为改善传统弓头的温度特性、抗冲击性以及受流稳定性等,提出了一种新型滚动弓头,通过滚动弓头与接触线间的滚动电接触为列车获取电能。为验证其动静态特性,搭建了“弓-网”动态电接触实验平台,并构建了“基于多物理场耦合的弓网载流温升模型”。通过试验与仿真结果的相互对照,证明了弓网载流温升模型的正确性,并深入探究了弓网电接触过程中的动态温升特性,对比了滚动弓头与传统弓头在不同牵引电流以及不同弓网相对运行速度下的温度变化特性。结果表明:在弓网动态受流过程中,滚动弓头的载流温升性能明显优于传统弓头;滚动弓头较传统弓头的温升优势随弓网系统相对运行速度的提升而增大。

As the demands for high-speed train operating speed and traction power increase continuously,the traditional carbon strip supported by the pantographs needs to face many challenges,such as the intensified wear and tear due to the increasing operational speed,and the thermal surge on the contact surface caused by the increment of traction current.In order to improve the thermal characteristics,impact resistance and current-transmission stability of traditional pantograph head,we proposed a new type of rotatable pantograp,which obtains electric power for trains through rolling electrical contact between the pantograph roller and the contact wire.In order to verify its dynamic and static characteristics,a‘pantograph-catenary’dynamic electrical contact experimental platform was built,meanwhile,a‘coupling-based pantograph-catenary current-carrying thermal rise model based on multi-physical field’was launched.Via the comparison between the experimental and simulation results,the validation of the‘coupling-based pantograph-catenary current-carrying thermal rise model based on multi-physical field’was verified.Then,the dynamic characteristics of thermal rise was deeply explored during the electrical contacting process of pantograph-catenary system.Moreover,the rotatable pantograph head and the traditional one were compared in term of the characteristics of thermal variation with different traction currents and operational velocities.The results indicate that,during the dynamic current-receiving process of pantograph-catenary system,the thermal current-carrying performance of the rotatable pantograph head is dramatically better than the traditional one;along with the increasing operational velocity,the advantage of the rotatable pantograph head is expanded in terms of thermal rise,compared with the traditional pantograph head.