预制舱式磷酸铁锂电池储能电站燃爆事故模拟及安全防护仿真研究

Safety Protection Simulation Research and Fire Explosion Accident Simulation of Prefabricated Compartment Lithium Iron Phosphate Energy Storage Power Station

随着电化学储能电站规模化建设投运,储能电站火灾事故时有发生,储能电站消防问题日益突出。为研究由锂电池热失控产生的可燃气体导致的储能舱爆炸事故,基于实际储能电站尺寸建立1:1几何模型,以储能舱内部过充引发的磷酸铁锂电池汽化电解液为燃料,通过爆炸模拟软件FLACS研究了由锂电池热失控引发的单一储能舱爆炸对周围储能舱的冲击性,并探索了加装隔离措施对抑制储能舱爆炸蔓延的防护性。仿真结果表明:储能舱内部气体爆炸产生的冲击波在0.5 s后打开泄压板向四周扩散,冲击周围相邻储能舱,超压波显著高于泄压板临界值,有引起连环爆炸的危险;对起始爆炸的储能舱加装隔离板能有效抑制燃爆反应在水平方向的扩散,隔离措施高度越高,阻隔蔓延效果越明显。该研究成果可以为电化学储能电站安全消防设计及爆炸防护提供理论和数据支撑。

With the large-scale construction and operation of electrochemical energy storage power station,fire accidents occasionally happen in energy storage power station,and the fire protection problem of energy storage power station becomes increasingly prominent.To study the energy storage tank explosion because of the combustible gas generated by the lithium battery thermal runaway,a 1:1 geometric model based on actual energy storage power station size is set up.and the impact of the single energy storage tank explosion on other energy storage tank is studied based on the FLACS after lithium iron phosphate battery gasification electrolyte caused by internal overcharge of energy storage tank is taken as fuel,and the protection from the energy storage tank is explored when isolation measures are taken to curb the spread of explosion.The simulation results show that,after 0.5 s,the shock wave generated by gas explosion inside the energy storage tank opens the pressure relief plate and diffuses to all sides,impacting the adjacent energy storage tank.The overpressure wave is significantly higher than the critical value of the pressure relief plate,which may cause the risk of serial explosions.The addition of isolation plate to the energy storage tank at the beginning of the explosion can effectively inhibit the horizontal diffusion of the ignition and explosion reaction.The higher the height of the isolation measures is,the more obvious the effect of blocking the spread is.The research results of this paper can provide theoretical and data support for the safety fire protection design and explosion protection of electrochemical energy storage station.