从《冬日洛城北谒玄元皇帝庙》看杜甫对道家的态度

Du Fu’s Attitude Towards Taoism Through “Visiting the Xuanyuan Emperor’s Temple in the North of Luoyang City in Winter”

杜甫创作于玄宗天宝八载(公元749年)的《冬日洛城北谒玄元皇帝庙》的主旨是历代注家争论的焦点。该诗主旨应为似颂实讽,杜甫通过对洛阳老子庙中景象的铺写委婉地讽刺了玄宗对道教的过分尊崇。但诗人对玄宗崇道的批判主要是从国计民生的角度考虑的。实际上,终其一生杜甫都与道家保持着或多或少的联系,道家思想对他的生活和创作均有较深的影响,杜甫“奉儒守官”的儒家思想和对道家的兴趣并行不悖。

The theme of Du Fu’s poem "Visiting the Xuanyuan Emperor’s Temple in the North of Luoyang City in Winter" written in the reign of Tianbao(749 A.D.) in the Song Dynasty has been the focus of debate since its birth. The main purpose of the poem is seemingly eulogizing but actually should be satirizing: Du Fu gently satirized Xuanzong’s excessive respect for Taoism by writing the scene in the Laozi Temple in Luoyang. However, the poet’s criticism was mainly considered from the perspective of national economy and people’s livelihood. In fact, Du Fu maintained contact with Taoism throughout his life and Taoism had a profound influence on his life and poem creation. Du Fu’s“Confucianism and officials”and his interest in Taoism were in parallel.