乡风何以文明:乡村文化治理中的嵌套组织及其运作机制

Nested Organization and Operation Mechanism in Rural Cultural Governance for Promoting Social Civility in Rural Areas

随着社会阶层分化和消费文化在农村的深入扩散,原本作为确认公共规则、增强社区团结重要途径的婚丧仪式变成村民面子竞争的舞台,乡土公共文化面临着去公共性、去价值性和庸俗化的危机,乡村社会阶层挤压愈发明显。由多层组织相互嵌套而成的社会组织——红白理事会,能够有效整合体制内外治理资源和规则,为多元治理主体间的互动、协商、沟通提供空间和平台,有效推动地方制度创新和治理机制创新。在乡村文化的互动式治理中,红白理事会通过制度规范、精英示范、分类动员和声誉奖惩等社群治理机制,引导村民采用文明节俭的婚丧新规,非强制性地调节了社区面子资源和阶层关系。地方政府通过激励村两委组织、给予嵌套组织合法性支持、节制行政干预行为,激发了社会治理活力,实现了乡村文化的诱致性制度变革,为全国乡风文明建设提供了经验参考。

With the stratification of rural community and the wide influence of consumer culture in rural areas,the wedding and funeral ceremony,originally an important way to confirm public rules and enhance unity,has turned in to a vanity fair.Rural public culture is at stake as it has become de-publicity,devalued,and vulgar.The squeeze of social strata in rural areas is increasingly obvious.The funeral and wedding committee,an organization composed of multi-level organizations,can effectively integrate governance resources and rules inside and outside the system,provide space and platform for interaction,consultation and communication among multiple governance bodies,and effectively promote the innovation of local institutional and governance mechanism.In the interactive governance of rural culture,the funeral and wedding committee guides villagers to follow civilized and frugal rules in funeral and wedding ceremonies through community governance mechanisms such as institutional norms,elite demonstration,classified mobilization,and reward and punishment.These non-mandatory measures effectively change people’s concept of face and improve relationship among social strata in the community.The local government encourages the two committees(villagers committee and village party branch committee) to play a guiding role,give legal support to nested organizations,restrain administrative intervention.The introduction of these comprehensive measures gives impetus to social governance,realize the institutional reform of rural culture through guidance,and provided experience reference for the construction of national rural culture civilization across the country.