农民工骑手群体社会融入的空间区隔及社会工作干预路径

Spatial Segregation in Delivery Riders’ Social Integration and Social Work Intervention Approaches

互联网零工平台在构建多主体共享的商业生态系统、促进灵活就业、实现劳动力供需精准匹配的同时,新的结构性因素也引发了青年农民工骑手群体的社会融入困境。基于空间区隔的问题分析框架,通过问卷调查和半结构式访谈发现,青年农民工骑手群体的社会融入面临着四大区隔,即流动“栖息”形成的地理区隔、复原力不足形成的自我区隔、工作洞形成的职业生涯发展区隔、脱嵌形成的社会参与区隔。面对青年农民工骑手群体因空间区隔而产生的社会融入问题,可搭建以“通过空间营造实现资本积累”为核心的社会工作实务框架,采取以复原力任务中心模式及“1+2+N+n”社工协同治理模式为中层干预方法的空间营造实务路径,增加骑手的心理、文化、社会和政治资本,以此突破骑手群体面临的空间区隔;构建“减压-支持-发展-参与”的骑手服务模式,重塑物理-心理-人际-治理平衡发展的四维空间,最终达致理性和平、宽容接纳、诚信友爱、平等尊重、人人参与的社区关系,以服务型治理推动社区整体性发展。

While the Internet odd-job platform is building a shared business ecosystem,making employment more flexible,and precisely matching labor supply and demand,new structural factors put young delivery riders in a dilemma in the process of social integration.Based on the problem analysis framework of spatial segmentation,and questionnaires and semi-structured interviews,we find that young delivery riders are confronted with four major barriers in social integration,namely,the geographical barrier due to their migrant life style,self-limitation due to their low resilience,poor career prospect as they take their current job only as a means of making money for a short period of time rather than a lifelong career(much like what is described in the “ work cave theory” in sociology,which holds that some people work like crazy as if they were in a cave with the belief that they will enjoy their lives the moment they climb out of the cave),and social segregation as a consequence of their failure to fit into their surroundings.To help young delivery riders integrate into their surroundings,we need to establish a social work practice framework centered on “space construction to achieve capital accumulation”,adopt the practical approach with resilience improvement as the core and the “1 +2 +N +n” social worker collaborative governance model as the middle-level intervention method to help young delivery riders break down the spatial segregation in social integration.Besides,we need to build a “stress relief-support-development-integration” service system for young delivery riders to provide them comprehensive help and support in breaking down physical barriers,seeking psychological help,building interpersonal relationship,and improving social governance,so as to build harmonious communities where people enjoy rational and peaceful environment,treat each other with tolerance,integrity,compassion,and respect.In these communities,where everyone is a part of the community and nobody is kept out,we push the overall development of the communities with service-oriented governance.