数字资本主义的机器生产及其空间话语

Machine Production and Spatial Discourse of Digital Capitalism

在数字资本主义时代,机器生产经历了从“机器改良生产”到“生产改良机器”、从“使用机器进行生产”到“对机器本身进行生产”的转变,机器形态的微缩化和轻便化使得机器得以进行跨空间的快速流动。借助于机器尤其是微机器,数字资本主义一方面得以摆脱传统资本主义所遭受的空间限制,成为现实地理空间中无处不在且随处可在的强势威权;一方面还引领人们沉迷数字机器所着力营造的虚拟空间,从而为资本主义的非物质劳动、数字剥削与信息奴役开辟新的地缘空间。由机器生产主导的空间被数字资本主义化约为“支配的空间”和“取用的空间”,这不可避免地将导致空间异化问题,包括数字机器在各类空间进行利益生产的空间异化、数字机器不断寻求空间霸权的空间异化和数字机器对人类生活空间施行反向控制的空间异化。这些问题在人类生活世界触发了严峻的空间困境,亟需我们进行批判性的辨识。

In the era of digital capitalism,machine production has undergone the transformation from “machines improving production” to “production improving machines” and from “production with the machine ”to “production of the machine”.The miniaturization and portability of machine forms enable machines to rapidly move across space.With the aid of machinery,especially micro-machinery,digital capitalism can,on the one hand,get rid of spatial constraints of traditional capitalism and become a ubiquitous and widely available powerful force in physical geographical space.On the other hand,it leads people to indulge in the virtual space created by digital machines,thereby opening up a new geographic space for capitalist non-material labor,digital exploitation and information slavery.The space dominated by machine production is reduced by digital capitalism to “dominated space” and “acquired space”,which inevitably results in space alienation,including the space alienation in which digital machines produce benefits in various spaces,the space alienation in which digital machines keep seeking space hegemony,and space alienation in which digital machines exert reverse control over human living space.These problems have put humans in a serious space dilemma,which requires our immediate attention and critical identification.