走马楼西汉简所见长沙国职官建置论考

A Research on the Official System Establishment in Changsha Kingdom Based on the Western Han Bamboo Slips from Zoumalou

文章以走马楼西汉简为研究对象,从长沙王国、侯国以及属县三个层面对长沙国的职官设置及其职能进行初步考察,并就各种职官的职掌、配置以及隶属关系等问题分别予以论述。长沙王国主要以相府、内史府、中尉府三府主事。长沙相在郡守之上,主在辅王。内史主治民,其职权所涉范围甚广。中尉主治安,督盗贼。侯国如便侯、叶侯、都梁侯,与《史记》《汉书》等传世文献可相印证。属县的吏员设置丰富,如临湘县就设有令、丞、尉、左尉、掾、主治计、计丞、令史、狱史、尉史、佐、校长、亭长、狱门啬夫、求盗、牢监等。此外,对新见职官名择要作考证,如具狱狱史、主系啬夫等。

This paper conducts an investigation on the establishment of officials and their functions in Changsha Kingdom based on the Zoumalou Western Han bamboo slips from three levels,namely Changsha state,feudal states and their subordinate counties,and then discusses respectively the officials’ positions,allocations and affiliations. The Changsha Kingdom was mainly headed by the offices of the state chancellor,the capital governor and the capital commandant. The functions of the three offices were as follows: firstly,the chancellor of the state,above the governor,was responsible for assisting the King;secondly,the governor of the capital governed the people,having a wide range in functions and powers;and lastly,the commandant of the capital was in charge of social order. Information about the Feudal states,such as the Ben,Ye and Duliang,can be verified by Historical Records and The Book of Han. The subordinate counties,like the feudal states,also had various officials of all fields,for example,magistrates,commandants,clerks,assistant accountants,heads of police offices,prison watchers,and so on,of which,this paper researches some new official titles,such as,prison scribes for preparing cases,responsible overseers,and the like.