三江平原生态系统格局与构成及其变化研究

Ecosystem Pattern and Composition with Changes of Sanjiang Plain

通过对2000年-2020年间三江平原生态系统类型的分布与构成、面积变化率、斑块变化以及转换特征的统计分析,系统地掌握其格局状况及变化特征,为深入打好污染防治攻坚战、黑龙江省“十四五”生态环境保护规划、社会经济发展宏观决策和生态文明建设提供有力支撑,为维护龙江生态安全提供科学决策依据。综合评估可知,三江平原湿地生态系统2010年-2020年间的下降趋势略大于2000年-2010年间;2010年-2020年间与2000年-2010年间相比,人工表面和湿地的面积变化率变大,林地、水体、耕地和草地的面积变化率变小;从2000年始至2020年末,三江平原平均斑块面积最大的生态系统类型为耕地,草地最小。

Based on the statistic analysis of the distribution and composition,area change percentage,patch change and conversion characteristics of ecosystem types in Sanjiang Plain from 2000 to 2020,this paper studied the pattern and change characteristics of ecosystem types in Sanjiang Plain.It will provide strong support for further pollution prevention and control,the ecological protection planning of Heilongjiang Province during the“14th Five-year plan”,decision-making and ecological civilization constructions for social and economic development.It will provide scientific decision-making basis for maintaining the ecological security of Heilongjiang province.The comprehensive assessment shows that the decline trend of wetland ecosystem in Sanjiang Plain from 2010 to 2020 is slightly larger than that from 2000 to 2010.The area change percentages of artificial surface and wetland increased during 2010 to 2020 compared with that in the previous decade in regards to area change percentages of forest,water,arable land and grassland decreased.From 2000 to 2020,the ecosystem type with the largest average patch area in Sanjiang Plain was arable land,and the grassland was the smallest.