寒林、寒士与寒境:山水画中“荒寒”的视觉修辞

Bleak Forests,Humble Scholars and Rustic Frames:The Visual Rhetoric of"Cold and Desolate Hue"in Landscape Painting

在中国山水画中,荒寒之景有着丰富的文化思想内涵。它不仅描绘了秋冬萧瑟的自然景致,更是古代中国士人于庙堂之外在野心境的视觉表征。本文梳理了以寒林为题材的山水画兴起与发展脉络,解析了寒林与寒士在绘画中的视觉隐喻及意义生产机制,探索了“荒寒”如何从抽象的文字符号转化为可视图像的一系列视觉修辞方法。

The cold and desolate sceneries drawn in many Chinese landscape paintings pertain to rich cultural and spiritual connotations,since they are not as many portraits of bleak natural sceneries as they are a visual representation of the ambitions borne by ancient Chinese scholars outside the imperial court.In this paper,the emergence and development of landscape paintings themed by bleak forests was reviewed and summarized,before using this summary to analyze the production mechanism of visual metaphors as well as the meanings of bleak forests and humble scholars in the creations.These were done to explore a series of visual rhetorical methods used to transform"the coldness and desolateness"from abstract text symbols into visual images.