“杀死”尼采?——精神障碍诊疗理念的科学主义批判

“Killing”Nietzsche?A Criticism of the Scientism in the Concept of Mental Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment

尼采的精神失常与其思想之间是否存在着因果关系?如果说尼采生命末期的精神错乱被判定为由其脑器质性疾病所致,那么,他的思想是否就可被视为一派胡言进而被全部推翻?事实上,当人们以现代科学诊疗体系为依据将焦点集中在尼采的精神疾病上时,疾病就已脱离了本体,科学主义焕发了生机,而尼采正在被“杀死”。宗教的上帝死了,精神病学领域的人们却需要科学主义这个“新的上帝”。以科学主义机械论的态度对待精神疾病,原本是以“人”为出发点,但其结果却是“去人化”的,这是“末人”的做法。尼采推崇的科学是以人为目的的科学,是肯定“人”自身存在的科学,因此,应以“超人”的视角重新审视和理解精神疾病——既重视人的“自然性”,又不能忽略人的“内在性”。

Is there a causal relationship between Nietzsche’s insanity and his thoughts?If Nietzsche’s insanity at the end of his life is judged to be caused by his organic brain disease,should his thoughts be treated as nonsense and be completely rejected?In fact,when people focus on Nietzsche’s mental illness with the modern scientific diagnosis and treatment system,the illness has been separated from its essence,scientism has been revitalized,and Nietzsche is being“killed”.The God of religion is dead,but the“new God”of scientism in the field of psychiatry is needed.Treating mental illness with the mechanistic approach of scientism is the current situation in the field of psychiatry.Although this is based on“human”as the original intention,the result is“dehumanization”,so this is the“last man”approach.The science advocated by Nietzsche is the science for the purpose of“man”,affirming the existence of“man”itself.Therefore,mental illness should be re-examined and re-understood from the perspective of“superman”,that is,both“naturalness”and“intrinsic nature”of human beings should be emphasized.