需求溢出、功能嵌入与混合型组织——理解当代组织结构形态的一种分析视角

Demand Spillover,Functional Embeddedness and Hybrid Organization:A Perspective of Understanding Contemporary Organizational Structure

组织结构类型研究一直以来是组织理论研究的核心内容,也是国家治理和公共管理的重要研究方向。随着人类生存、生产和生活的不断进步,各种组织形态不断发展完善,并出现许多新组织形态。传统结构功能主义组织观由于坚持方法论的化约主义和静态、机械的观点,无法很好地解释这些新组织现象。需求溢出理论主张从“人类需求—组织目标—组织形态”层面来理解人类组织生活,形成了自己的组织形态观。满足人类的需求是各种组织的终极目标和神圣使命,人类的各类需求组合成各种类型的组织目标集。为了最有效地达成组织目标,权力组织、营利组织和非营利组织之间才有了功能相互嵌入,继而在这三类组织之间又出现了很多过渡性的混合型组织,如国有企业、社会企业、参公事业单位等。

The study of organizational structure types has always been the core content of organizational theory research,and is also an important research direction of national governance and public management.With the continuous progress of human survival,production and life,all kinds of organizational forms continue to develop and improve,and there are many new organizational forms.The traditional view of structural functionalism can not explain these new organizational phenomena well because it adheres to the methodology of reductionism and the static,mechanical view of organization.The theory of demand spillover claims to understand human organizational life from the perspective of“human needs-organizational goals-organizational form”,and has formed its own view of organizational form.Solving human needs is the ultimate goal and sacred mission of all kinds of organizations.All kinds of human needs are combined into various kinds of organization goal sets.In order to achieve the goals of the organization most effectively,the functions of the power organization,the profit organization and the nonprofit organization are embedded in each other,such as state-owned enterprises,social enterprises,public institutions and so on.