低共熔溶剂提取孜然精油工艺优化、成分分析及其抗氧化活性

Process Optimization,Composition Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Cumin Essential Oil Extracted by Deep Eutectic Solvent

目的:研究基于低共熔溶剂(Deep Eutectic Solvent,DES)法提取孜然精油工艺优化、成分分析及其抗氧化活性。方法:通过响应面法优化DES法提取孜然精油的工艺条件,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析孜然精油的成分,并测试孜然精油清除·OH自由基、DPPH·自由基的能力。结果:氯化胆碱、1,3-丁二醇组成的DES体系对提升孜然精油得率的效果最佳,优化工艺条件为:料液比1:5、摩尔比(氯化胆碱:1,3-丁二醇)1:3.5、DES含水量45 mol,孜然精油的得率4.36%;GC-MS分析结果显示,孜然精油的主要成分为枯茗醛(24.83%),与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的孜然精油成分相似;抗氧化实验结果表明,孜然精油对·OH自由基和DPPH·自由基的最大清除率分别为66.51%、92.13%,这与水蒸气蒸馏法没有显著差异。此外,采用DES法较传统水蒸气蒸馏法对孜然精油提取时间缩短了50%。结论:DES法能显著提高孜然精油得率、提升提取效率,并且对孜然精油成分以及抗氧化活性影响较小,可以作为孜然精油的一种绿色提取方式。

Objective:To study the process optimization,composition analysis and antioxidant activity of cumin essential oil extraction based on the deep eutectic solvent(DES)method.Methods:The process conditions of DES extraction of cumin essential oil were optimized by response surface methodology,and the components of cumin essential oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method,and the ability of cumin essential oil to scavenge·OH and DPPH·free radicals was evaluated.Results:The DES system composed of choline chloride and 1,3-butanediol had the best effect on improving the yield of cumin essential oil.The optimized process conditions were as follows:the ratio of solid to liquid is 1:5,the ratio of choline chloride:1,3-butanediol is 1:3.5,the water content is 45 mol,the yield of cumin essential oil is 4.36%.GC-MS results showed that the main component of cumin essential oil was cumin aldehyde(24.83%).Antioxidant test results showed that the maximum scavenging rates of cumin essential oil to·OH free radicals and DPPH·free radicals were 66.51%and 92.13%,respectively.In addition,the extraction time of cumin essential oil was shortened by 50%using the DES method compared with the traditional steam distillation.Conclusion:DES significantly improved the yield and extraction efficioncy of cumin essential oil,and had little effect on the composition and antioxidant activity of cumin essential oil.It can be used as a green extraction method for cumin essential oil.