松材线虫病研究进展

Research progress of pine wilt disease

松材线虫病是由松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的一种世界性的重大检疫性森林病害。北美洲被认为是松材线虫病的原产地,亚洲的日本、中国和韩国是松材线虫病流行危害最严重的地区,欧洲也是受到松材线虫病严重威胁的地区。松材线虫病在亚洲感染松树后病害发展速度快,危害大,防治难,造成严重的经济损失。松材线虫病在自然情况下可以感染的松属树种51种,非松属树种16种。病害流行受到寄主植物种类、松材线虫、媒介昆虫以及其他一系列环境因素的影响。病原松材线虫致松树萎蔫速度快,致病机理复杂,至今未完全搞清。目前病害防控主要依赖于病害检疫、疫情监测、疫木除治隔离、媒介昆虫防治、健康松树注药预防等。抗病育种作为一项根本性措施,已经有良好开端,但真正发挥作用尚需一些时日。

Pine wilt disease(PWD)caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a major quarantine forest disease worldwide.North America is considered to be the native of PWD,while Japan,China and South Korea in Asia are the most affected areas by PWD,and the forest in Europe is also seriously threatened by PWD.PWD developed rapidly after B.xylophilus infecting pine trees,which caused great harm to forest and serious economic losses due to difficulty in controlling.PWD can naturally infect 51 species of pine and 16 species of non-pine.The disease prevalence is affected by host plant species,pine wood nematode,vector insects and many other environmental factors.B.xylophilus cause pine wilting fast,and the pathogenic mechanism is complex and unclear yet.At present,the disease prevention and control mainly rely on disease quarantine,epidemic monitoring,isolating and controlling infected trees,vector insect control and injection of healthy pine trees with insecticides.As a fundamental measure,host resistance breeding has made a good start,but it will still take a long way for commercial application.