个性化鞋垫对步行足部感知及足功能的影响

Effects of Personalized Insole on Foot Perception and Ankle Function in Walking

目的通过对主观舒适度和行走时足底压力的评测,整合主观感知和生物力学指标,探究个性化鞋垫对正常足型足部感知和足功能的影响。方法招募16名具有正常足型的男性受试者,采用视觉模拟量表评价极简鞋和个性化鞋垫着鞋干预下主观舒适度指标的差异;通过单因素重复测量方差分析赤足、极简鞋、个性化鞋垫3种着鞋条件支撑期各阶段时间和足底压力的变化;通过多重线性回归筛选极简鞋和个性化鞋垫下影响着鞋总体舒适性的主要指标。结果在足底压力测评上,着鞋行走的步态支撑期缓冲阶段高于赤足和极简鞋(P<0.05),个性化鞋垫的动态足弓指数(arch index,AI)大于极简鞋和赤足行走(P<0.05),极简鞋动态AI大于赤足(P<0.05),加入个性化鞋垫中足冲量占比高于赤足行走(P<0.05),着鞋时压力中心(center of pressure,COP)轨迹的平均斜率低于赤足(P<0.05),个性化鞋垫COP轨迹斜率低于极简鞋(P<0.05);在主观舒适度测评上,加入个性化鞋垫后鞋总体舒适性、后跟缓冲、前足缓冲、足弓支撑性、前足包裹和足部控制性高于极简鞋(P<0.05);线性回归结果显示,足弓支撑性和中足冲量占比对鞋总体舒适性有显著性影响(P<0.05)。结论个性化鞋垫主要通过对足弓的影响提高正常足的总体舒适性。加入个性化鞋垫后,步行的缓冲能力和足部控制能力提高,足部在冠状轴上受力的偏移减小。足-鞋垫-鞋共同影响人体足部感知,鞋垫要综合足型、着鞋条件和鞋垫材质等多方面进行选择。

Objective Through the evaluation of subjective comfort and plantar pressure during walking,with the integration of subjective perception and biomechanical indexes,to explore the effect of personalized insole on foot perception and ankle function of normal foot.Methods Sixteen male subjects with normal foot types were recruited,and the visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the differences of subjective comfort index under the intervention of minimalist shoes and personalized insoles,and changes of time and plantar pressures at each stage of barefoot walking and walking with minimalist shoes and personalized insoles were analyzed by single factor repeated measurement variance.Multiple linear regression was used to screen the main indexes which affected the overall comfort of shoes during walking with minimalist shoes and personalized insoles.Results For measurement of plantar pressures,the gait support buffer stage of walking with shoes was higher than that of barefoot walking or walking with minimalist shoes(P<0.05),and the dynamic arch index(AI)of walking with personalized insole was higher than that of walking with minimalist shoes and barefoot walking(P<0.05).The dynamic AI during walking with minimalist shoes was higher than that of barefoot walking(P<0.05),and the proportion of foot impulse during walking with personalized insoles was higher than that during barefoot walking(P<0.05).When wearing shoes,the average slope for center of pressure(COP)trajectory was lower than that of barefoot walking,and the slope of COP trajectory of walking with personalized insoles was lower than that of walking with minimalist shoes(P<0.05).For evaluation of subjective comfort,the overall comfort,heel cushioning,front foot cushioning,arch support,forefoot wrapping and foot control of walking with personalized insoles were higher than those of walking with minimalist shoes(P<0.05).The results of linear regression showed that arch support and the proportion of middle foot impulse had significant influences on the overall comfort of walking with shoes(P<0.05).Conclusions Personalized insoles can improve the overall comfort of normal foot mainly through the influence of foot arch.After personalized insole is added,the cushioning ability and foot control ability of walking are improved,and force deviation of the foot on coronal axis is reduced.Feet-insoles-shoes jointly affect the perception of human feet,and insoles should be selected in many aspects,such as foot types,shoe conditions and insole materials.