复杂条件下巷道围岩控制技术研究进展

Research progress of roadway surrounding strata rock control technologies under complex conditions

煤炭资源开采正不断向深部迈进,面临的复杂地质条件问题也日益突出。深部资源开采、地下空间开挖等深部岩石工程活动迅速增加,而这些工程活动的开展和巷道的稳定性密切相关。重点总结了复杂条件下煤矿巷道围岩控制领域的相关成果,梳理了当下巷道围岩控制面临的主要复杂条件,划分了工程地质条件和开采技术条件2类巷道复杂条件。阐明了各类复杂条件下巷道围岩的变形破坏特征,指出了围岩应力、围岩性质和支护结构是巷道围岩控制的3类基本对象,明确了围岩应力环境恶化、围岩性质劣化和支护体性能弱化3种失稳形式,在此基础上揭示了不同地质环境与采掘时空关系下回采巷道的失稳机制。分析了现阶段困难巷道围岩控制基本机理:改善围岩应力环境、改良围岩性质与强化围岩承载结构;详述了基于卸压、改性、支护与协同控制的围岩控制技术在不同复杂条件巷道的阶段性理论研究与技术应用现状。同时,分析了泥质采动巷道渗流失稳与围岩控制的典型工程案例,揭示了该类复杂困难条件的巷道围岩失稳机理,提出了疏水泄压、泥岩置换、分级注浆、高强度封层支护结构与底板结构等多种方法协同作用的高强度综合修复与控制技术体系。最后,基于上述4方面研究,结合工程实践,展望了未来复杂条件下巷道围岩控制技术的发展趋势。

The mining of coal resources is constantly advancing to the depths,and the problems of complex geological conditions are becoming increasingly prominent.Deep rock engineering activities such as deep resource mining and underground space excavation are increasing rapidly,and the development of these engineering activities is closely related to the stability of roadway.This paper focuses on summarizing the relevant achievements in the field of coal mine roadway enclosure control under complex conditions,combining the main complex conditions faced by the current roadway surrounding rock control,and dividing the engineering geological conditions and mining technical conditions into two types of complex roadway conditions.The deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway under various complex conditions are clarified,and it is pointed out that the surrounding rock stress,surrounding rock properties and supporting structure are the three basic objects of the surrounding rock control of the roadway.Three forms of instability,namely,deterioration of the stress environment of the surrounding rock,deterioration of the nature of the surrounding rock and weakening of the performance of the support body,are clearly identified.On this basis,the instability mechanisms of mining roadway under different geological environments and spatial-temporal relationship of mining are revealed.The basic mechanism of surrounding rock control in difficult roadways at this stage is analyzed:improving the surrounding rock stress environment,improving the surrounding rock properties and strengthening the surrounding rock bearing structure.The current status quo of the stage theoretical research and technology application of the surrounding rock control technology based on pressure relief,modification,support and synergistic control in different complex conditions of the roadway was also detailed.At the same time,the typical engineering cases of seepage stability and surrounding rock control in muddy mining roadway were analyzed,revealing the mechanism of surrounding rock instability in such complex and difficult conditions of roadway,and proposing a high-strength integrated repair and control technology system with the synergy of various methods such as water drainage and pressure relief,mud rock replacement,graded grouting,high-strength sealing support structure and bottom plate structure.Finally,based on the above four aspects of research,combined with engineering practice,the future development trend of roadway enclosure control technology under complex conditions is prospected.