北宋魏处约家族墓志文研究——兼论“勋旧之门”与宗族“迭为婚姻”

On the Epitaphs of Wei Chuyue’s Family of the Northern Song Dynasty: Marriage between Officials and Royalties for Generations

民国以来出土于洛阳的6方魏处约家族墓志不见于传世文献。墓志文反映了北宋魏处约家族自后梁至北宋哲宗时期177年的赓续历史。自魏处约起,该家族成员连续三代与宗室联姻,形成“姑舅表亲”“亲上加亲”的婚姻特点。北宋时期这种“勋旧之门”与宗族“迭为婚姻”的现象文献虽有记载,但实例却极其罕见,故而可补史阙。该家族成员因与宗族联姻得以荫补为官,这一方面巩固提高了家族的社会地位,另一方面又使家族成员的仕途受到限制,这是宋朝荫补制度精心设计的结果。宋代宗室婚姻法律制度、宗女荫补特权、封建礼制等制度设计使得魏处约家族虽无显宦却可以世代食禄、赓续连绵。这种稳定的、世代相传的官僚与宗族联姻的家族结构,是宋朝统治制度的衍生物,具有很强的寄生性,也是宋王朝极其重要的社会基础。

Six epitaphs of the Wei Chuyue’s family have been excavated in Luoyang since 20;century, which were absent from historical documents. The epitaphs reflect the history of the family in 177 years. From Wei Chuyue, the members of the family married the royalties for three generations. Such phenomenon that officers and royalties intermarried for generations, though mentioned in historical books, was rare in reality. The discovery of the epitaphs proved the fact. The members of this family could be promoted as officers due to the affinity with the royalties. The alliance enhanced their social status but limited their further promotions, due to a deliberate Yinbu institution of the Song Dynasty. The Law on marriage and Yinbu of the royalties, while being a restriction in their bureaucratic career, contributed to the long prosperity of the Wei’s family. The parasitic marriage between officials and royalties for generations which is social basis of the Song regime is a product of institution.