从清代云南《开化府志》看邻国历史书写的地方表述

A Study of the Regional Narration in the Historical Writing of Neighboring Countries Based on the Chronicles of Kaihua Prefecture of Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty

正史书写邻国、外国历史已成惯例,而私修地方志书写邻国史的现象也常见,如唐代樊绰所著《蛮书》和明代刘文征所著《滇志》等。然则,地方官修史志书写邻国历史的案例,特别是清代边疆地区地方的官修史志,则较少。正因此,清代云南边境重镇——开化府所修两种《开化府志》中保留对邻国安南历史的书写,即以附录的形式较为完整地梳理了安南国通史线条,并强调其兴衰变迁对开化辖地边防的影响问题,尤具特色,值得深入研究。清代云南《开化府志·安南国纪略》的存在,不仅透视了清代官修地方史志对邻国历史的关注,彰显书写模式的特殊性,更是从历史文献层面存留了清代云南边疆重镇官员的涉外治边和护边理念,为考察清代云南边疆治理的珍贵性文献材料。

It is common that writing the history of neighboring and other countries in Chinese official history and private local chronicles, such as Fan Chuo’s MANSHU in the Tang Dynasty and DIANZHI by Liu Wenzheng in the Ming Dynasty.However, local official chronicles containing the history of neighboring countries, especially in the border areas of the Qing Dynasty, is very rare. Yet, the history of Annam was recorded in the two kinds of Chronicles of Kaihua Prefecture of Yunnan province in Qing Dynasty.The general history of Annam is preserved in appendix, and the influence of Annam’s vicissitudes on Kaihua’s frontier defence is emphasized. In general, the Annanguo Jilue in Chronicles of Kaihua Prefecture is a valuable document for investigating the administration of Yunnan frontier in Qing Dynasty. It not only reflects that history of neighboring countries was a focus was official local chronicles in the Qing Dynasty, but preserves the thought of officers who were in charge of foreign affairs and national defence of Kaihua in Yunnan.