阳明后学“游艺”演变及其文艺思想的形成

The Evolution of“Artistic Recreation”and the Formation of Literary and Artistic Thoughts in the Post-Yangming School

面对王阳明建立的“游艺”之学,如何解决心性和文艺之间的对立矛盾关系,阳明后学在困惑和矛盾之中进行了探索,大体提出了两条路径:一是由外到内,即强调下学上达、博学反一,在泛滥艺术之中涵养道德心体;二是由内向外,纵情于艺,彰显彰显文艺独特的美学价值,据此,阳明后学进一步发展了王阳明的“游艺”之学,造就大批阳明后学广泛涉猎书画、琴乐,积极与艺术家交游,形成丰富多彩的“游艺”生活。大批阳明后学更是超越文艺门类的艺术界限,实现诗歌与书画、音乐的会通,从而对自然传神、本色自我和诗乐一体文艺观念的形成产生了重要影响。

Facing the“artistic recreation”study established by Wang Yangming,to solve the contradictory relationship between mind and literature and art,the Post-Yangming School roughly proposes two measures:One going from without to the within,emphasizing the lower-level learning from the above with erudition countering the particular restrictions,cultivating moral mind in the flooding art;The other going in the opposite direction,to get indulged in art,highlighting the unique aesthetic value of literature and art.Accordingly,Post-Yangming School further developed Wang Yangming’s“artistic recreation”study,creating a large number of Post-Yangming academicians who widely dabbled in calligraphy,painting,piano and music,actively making friends with artists,enjoying a rich and colorful“artistic recreation”life.Large numbers of Post-Yangming scholars transcended the boundaries of art categories and realized the communication between poetry,calligraphy,painting and music,which had an important impact on the formation of the literary and artistic concepts of natural vividness,true self and the integration of poetry and music.