有志者,事竟成--学生意志力对认知能力的异质性影响

Where there is a Will,there is a Way:Heterogeneous Effects of Students’Willpower on Cognitive Abilities

根据OECD对社会与情感能力的划分,意志力是一种重要的任务能力。意志力对个体发展的影响具有全面性和持久性。研究基于中国教育追踪调查数据,使用多元线性回归和广义倾向得分匹配模型,发现意志力对学生的认知能力具有显著的积极影响。分位数回归与交互模型进一步显示,意志力对认知能力的积极效应存在个体和群体层面的异质性:对于自身认知能力较低的学生、所在班级平均家庭社会经济地位或平均学业水平越低的学生,培养意志力更有助于提高他们的认知能力。研究发现为学校加强意志力等任务型能力培养提供了经验证据,有助于从教育公平的视角探讨意志力培养的价值,同时也对当前的学生评价改革具有启示意义。

According to the measurement framework of social and emotional skills proposed by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,willpower is an essential task performance skill.Willpower has comprehensive and lasting effects on individual’s development.Based on the China Education Panel Survey data,using OLS and GPSM model,this study finds that students’willpower has significant positive effects on cognitive abilities.Quantile regression and interacting model further show the positive effects of willpower on cognition are heterogeneous at both individual and group levels.For students with lower cognitive abilities,or students in a class with lower average family socioeconomic status or academic abilities,improving willpower can develop cognitive abilities better.These findings provide schools with empirical evidence about strengthening cultivation of willpower and other task performance skills.They promote the value of willpower from the perspective of educational equity and have enlightening significance for current student evaluation reform.