水球运动员肩关节损伤与康复研究进展

Research Advance on Shoulder Injury and Rehabilitation of Water Polo Players

为了进一步明确国内外水球运动员肩关节损伤现状,为该项目肩关节损伤预防和康复提供理论参考,研究采用文献综述法,在文献数据库中进行检索,围绕水球运动员肩关节损伤的发生率、特点、因素、康复方法进行归纳和评述。发现水球运动员肩关节要承受投掷、游泳、对抗带来的负荷,损伤高发;水球运动员肩关节主要的损伤部位为冈上肌肌腱、冈下肌肌腱、肱二头肌长头肌腱等,盂唇的损伤主要是后上部,不同水平的运动员损伤略有不同;对水球运动员肩关节训练负荷、肩胛骨功能、内外旋肌力比、活动度等参数进行监控,采取优化肩关节活动度与肩胛骨功能、强化肌力训练等主动康复的方法,可以在一定程度上恢复运动员肩关节的运动能力,助其重返赛场。

This paper aims to provide theoretical reference for shoulder injury prevention and rehabilitation of water polo players by analyzing the research status at home and abroad.The incidence rate,characteristics,factors,and rehabilitation methods of the water polo player shoulder injury are summarized and reviewed in this paper by literature review method.The research finds that the athletes'shoulder joint has a high injuries incidence because it bears the load by throwing,swimming and confrontation.The main injury sites of water polo players'shoulder joints are supraspinatus tendon,infraspinatus tendon,biceps longhead tendon,etc.The injuries of labrum are mainly in the posterior and upper part.The injuries of athletes at different levels are slightly different.To monitor the training load,scapula function,ratio of internal and external muscle strength,range of motion and other parameters of water polo players'shoulder joint,and take active rehabilitation methods such as optimizing the range of motion and scapula function,strengthening muscle strength training which could help recovering the athletes'shoulder joint movement ability to return to the competition.