美国军队人力资源管理特点评析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Human Resource Management in the US Military

美军现有人力资源管理制度形成于20世纪80年代,具有工业化时代的特点,在长期实践中形成了具有特色的人力资源管理做法,在西方军队中具有较大的影响力。美军人事管理制度围绕国家战略调整,适应其军队建设的需要,对规划编制、职位管理、等级数量控制、选拔培养、考评任用、福利保障、个人职业发展、退役等制度进行改革和创新。为适应信息化军队建设需要,美军近期不断提出人力资源改革新举措。美国《2019财年国防授权法案》授予各军种部长一系列权限,以促进人事制度改革,强化人才管理。

The current human resource management system of the US military was formed in the 1980s and carries the characteristics of the industrial era.In the long-term practice,it has formed a unique human resource management practice,which greatly influenced the Western military.The personnel management system of the US military adapts to the needs of its army building based on its national strategy.It has reformed and innovated systems such as planning preparation,job management,grade quantity control,selection and training,assessment and appointment,welfare guarantee,personal career development,and retirement.To meet the needs of building an information-based army,the US military has recently proposed several new measures for human resources reform.The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 grants service chiefs a range of authority to promote personnel system reform and strengthen talent management.