数据治理的行为法经济学转向:助推理论实现个人信息保护

The Transformation about Data Governance in Behavioral Law and Economics Theory:Using the Theory of Nudge to Protect Personal Information

虽然以“知情-同意”为基础的个人信息保护制度已经基本确立下来,但“知情-同意”制度的实践效果一直备受非议,由此引发了对整个个人信息保护制度有效性的质疑。“知情-同意”设计的最初目的是为人们的理性选择提供制度保障,但在现实的数据协商中却存在着大量的非理性行为,由此引发了对传统法律经济学视野下个人信息保护制度困境的思考。行为法经济学理论可以对人们在数据协商中的非理性选择作出合理解释,结论是选择框架的变化使人们偏离了最佳选择。对此,可以利用助推手段,通过优化选择框架的方式促使人们作出最佳选择。建议在中国的数据治理中融入助推理念,通过增加默认数据设置规定、禁止不合理助推、构建数据隐私标准评价体系等措施促进中国个人信息保护制度的发展与完善。

Although a personal information protection system based on“informed-consent”has been largely established,the effectiveness of the“informed-consent”system in practice has been subject to criticism,which has led to questions about the effectiveness of the personal information protection system.The“informed-consent”system was originally designed to provide institutional safeguards for rational choice,but there has been a great deal of irrational behavior in data negotiation in reality,leading to a consideration of the dilemma of personal information protection systems in the context of traditional law and economics theory.Behavioral law and economics theory could provide a rational explanation for people's irrational choices in data negotiation,concluding that changes in the choice framework cause people to deviate from the optimal choice.In response,nudge could be used to motivate people to make the best choice by optimizing the choice framework.It is recommended that the concept of nudging be incorporated into Chinese data governance,and that the development and improvement of Chinese personal information protection system be promoted through measures such as adding default data setting provisions,prohibiting unreasonable nudging,and constructing an evaluation system for personal information protection.