中国早期复生故事的文学书写--以出土简牍为中心

On the Rebirth Story of Early China from the Unearthed Bamboo Slips

《赤鹄之集汤之屋》《楚居》《志怪故事》《泰原有死者》等出土简牍从不同角度展示了中国早期复生故事的面貌。在复生故事类型方面,中国早期复生故事可根据复生者身份的不同分为神祇精怪复生故事、先祖圣王复生故事、巫师神媒复生故事、人世凡夫复生故事四种类型;在复生主人公形态变化方面,复生者都要发生外在形态或内在机能上的变化,标志复生的实现及生命力的转移;在复生仪式方面,表现为仪式环境与氛围的营造、仪式活动的进行、仪式内容和意识的情节转化等。周期性时间要素的存在也进一步增强了复生仪式的神圣感;复生故事还表现出了强制性和被动性的特征,强调了新生的彻底及复生的偶然与稀见。

Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Chi Jiu Zhi Ji Tang Zhi Wu,Chu Ju,Bamboo Slips of the Qin State from Fangmatan Zhiguai Stories and Peking University Qin slips Tai Yuan You Si Zhe show the picture of China's early rebirth stories from different angles.In terms of the writing types of rebirth stories,the early Chinese rebirth stories can be divided into four types according to the different identities of the participants in the rebirth activities:the rebirth stories of gods and monsters,the rebirth stories of ancestors and holy kings,the rebirth stories of witches and divine media,and the rebirth stories of mortals;In terms of the morphological changes of the protagonist of rebirth,the reborn must have changes in the external form or internal function,marking the realization of rebirth and the transfer of vitality;In the performance of rebirth ceremony,it is manifested in the construction of ritual environment and atmosphere,the procedures and performance of ritual activities,and the oral ritual requirements of rebirth.The existence of periodic elements also further enhances the sanctity of rebirth ceremony;The rebirth story also shows a certain degree of compulsion and passivity,emphasizes the significance of cutting off the past and welcoming the new life,and also shows the rejection of death and the rarity of rebirth.