工资率提升对农民工超时劳动的影响

The Influence of Wage Rate Increase on Overtime Work of Migrant Workers

大量农民工处于严重的超时劳动状态,就业质量不容乐观。学界普遍认为农民工超时劳动多为提升收入,因而提升工资率有助于其工作时间的减少。这一结论与劳动供给理论相悖,原因在于能力偏差和工资率计算的除法偏差均导致工作时间和工资率存在负相关关系。本文基于2017年流动人口动态监测调查数据,应用工具变量方法消除估计偏差,分析工资率提升对农民工超时劳动的影响。研究结果表明:工资率提升使得高技能农民工超时劳动概率增加,工资率提升10%导致男性和女性超时劳动概率分别增加8.41%和13.18%;工资率提升对低技能男性农民工超时劳动具有较小的缓解作用,工资率提升10%导致低技能男性农民工重度超时劳动概率下降1.11%,而使得其超时劳动时间和重度超时劳动时间分别减少0.89%和1.04%;工资率提升使得低技能女性农民工超时劳动增加,工资率提升10%导致低技能女性农民工超时劳动和重度超时劳动概率分别增加9.33%和4.58%,而超时劳动和重度超时劳动时间分别增加1.81%和1.36%。工资率提升对农民工超时劳动的缓解作用是有限的,因此政府部门应保证农民工获得合理加班工资,同时加强对工作时间的限制并为农民工提供更好的就业和生活保障,进而从根本上缓解农民工群体的超时劳动状况,提升农民工的就业和生活质量。

A large number of migrant workers in serious overtime work status,and the quality of employment is not optimistic.Academic circles is generally believed that increase the rate of wages to help migrant workers reduce work time and ease of working overtime.This conclusion contrary to theory of labor supply,and the reason lies in the ability deviation and division deviation of wage rate calculation.These lead to negative correlation relationship in the working hours and wage rates.This article is based on the dynamic monitoring of the floating population survey data in 2017,instrumental variable method is applied to eliminate bias,and analysis the influence of wage rates of migrant workers working overtime.Study results show that:(1)The increase of wage rates lead to the working overtime probability of high-skilled migrant workers increased:the 10%increase of wage rates lead to male and female migrant workers working overtime probability were increased 8.41%and13.18%;(2)The increase of wage rates lead to smaller relief of the working overtime of low-skilled male migrant workers:the 10%increase of wage rates lead to low skilled male migrant workers’heavy overtime probability fell 1.11%,and makes its overwork time and severe overwork time reduce 0.89%and 1.04%;(3)The increase of wage rates make the working overtime of low-skilled women migrant workers more serious:the 10%increase of wage rates lead to low-skilled female migrant workers working overtime and severe working overtime probability were increased 9.33%and 4.58%,and the overwork time and severe overwork time increased 1.81%and 1.36%.As a result,the government should be reasonable to guarantee migrant workers overtime wages,strengthen the limit of working hours,and provide better employment and living security for migrant workers at the same time,thus fundamentally ease the migrant workers working overtime,improve migrant workers’employment and the quality of life.