双组分超细纺黏水刺非织造材料发展现状与展望

Research progress and prospect on bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens

双组分纺黏水刺非织造材料是一种新型的高性能超细纤维非织造材料,具有纺黏非织造材料的高强度,经水刺环保开纤后,又具有超细纤维材料的柔软和细腻手感。再者,双组分超细纺黏水刺非织造材料的孔隙率高、比表面积大,具有良好的过滤性、吸湿性、透气性和容尘能力。本文系统概述了双组分超细纺黏水刺非织造原料、工艺及其产品特点,分别介绍了在高级擦拭布、服装用布、卫生产品、高级合成革基布、精密过滤材料等领域的主要应用,并总结归纳了国内外双组分超细纺黏水刺非织造技术及产品的发展。最后对双组分超细纺黏水刺非织造材料在原料绿色化、组分多样化、纤维亚微米及纳米化、材料复合化、产品功能化和智能化方面的发展趋势进行了展望。

Inspired by the skin-core structure of wool,bicomponent viscose fiber was developed in the 1940s,making itself the earliest ultrafine fiber in the world.The bicomponent fiber web is prepared by spunbonded method,and then the bicomponent microfiber can be formed by further fiber opening.This splitting methods include acupuncture method,chemical method and hydroentangling method.Hydroentangling method has little damage on fiber and will not produce chemical pollution.With the continuous development of spunbonding and hydroentangling technology,a new microfiber product is born,which combines spunbonded method and hydroentangling technology.The diameter of this superfine fiber can reach 1/16 of that before fiber splitting,being about 3μm.It has very small linear density and high specific surface area.The fiber web has high porosity and coverage.With good drapability,soft and delicate feel,the product is widely used in high-grade wiping materials,clothing materials,sanitary materials,synthetic leather substrate materials,precision filter materials,etc.The bicomponent spunbond hydroentangling process is the product of the intersection of a variety of polymer processing theories and fiber forming technologies.A continuous production line involves spinning,drafting,netting,one-time fiber splitting and consolidation of ultrafine fiber nonwovens.Spunbond bicomponent fibre has high strength,and the hydroentangled process is characterized by the reduction of fiber breakage and the absence of pressure points or areas.The bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwoven combines the technical and performance advantages of spunbonded nonwovens and hydroentangled nonwovens.It is a new generation of high-end nonwovens developed through integration and innovation.The production speed of bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwoven can exceed 500 m/min,with low production cost,without waste of raw materials and environmental pollution.Based on the present bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens processing materials,technologies,products and equipment,this paper firstly introduces the selection of raw materials,product characteristics and applications of bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens.Secondly,it expounds the process characteristics of bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens,and summarizes the status of development of bicomponent spunbond hydroentangling technology and products at home and abroad.In addition,the bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens need further development in the diversification and greening of raw materials,submicron and nano fiber,composite materials,functional and intelligent products.Finally,this paper refers to a lot of existing research in the field,and summarizes the status of development of bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens at current stage,so as to provide basic reference for the development of bicomponent spunbond hydroentangled nonwovens in the future.