内蒙古地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌分离鉴定及耐药性试验

Isolation,Identification and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing of Pathogens from Endometritis-Affected Cows in Inner Mongolia

为明确引起内蒙古地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌种类及其耐药性,本试验从内蒙古呼和浩特周边奶牛场采集了260份临床型子宫内膜炎病料,继而开展病原菌的分离和鉴定,并用微量稀释法对4种主要分离菌进行药物敏感性试验。病原菌分离鉴定结果显示,从260份临床型子宫内膜炎病料中共获得284株菌株,其中大肠杆菌126株(48.5%)、链球菌84株(32.3%)、金黄色葡萄球菌53株(20.4%)、沙门菌21株(8.1%)。抗菌药物敏感性试验结果显示,大肠杆菌对磺胺类、苄胺嘧啶类耐药率达98%以上,对头孢噻呋的耐药率为13.7%;链球菌对β-内酰胺类、四环素、卡那霉素的耐药率在80%以上,对万古霉素的耐药率为26.7%;金黄色葡萄球菌对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药率介于60%~85%,对庆大霉素及3种组合药物的耐药率介于7.5%~13.2%,对万古霉素完全敏感;沙门菌对β-内酰胺类药物、庆大霉素、四环素类的土霉素和多西环素的耐药率介于75%~90%,对头孢噻肟较为敏感,耐药率为29%,对氨基糖苷类的妥布霉素和阿米卡星耐药率低于10%;4种分离菌对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感,耐药率均低于35%。由此可见,内蒙古呼和浩特地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病菌包括大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌,氟喹诺酮类药物是治疗该地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的首选药物。

In order to determine pathogen types and drug resistance of endometritis in cows in Inner Mongolia,this study collected 260 samples from dairy cows with endometritis around Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,and carried out bacterial isolation and identification followed by antimicrobial sensitivity testing on 4 main isolated bacterial species by microdilution method.The bacterial isolation and identification results showed that a total of 284 bacterial isolates were obtained from 260 clinical endometritis samples,including 126(48.5%)Escherichia coli isolates,84(32.3%)Streptococcus isolates,53(20.4%)Staphylococcus aureus isolates,and 21(8.1%)Salmonella isolates.The antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that E.coli isolates were resistant to sulfanilamide and benzyl pyrimidine(>98%),and ceftiofur(13.7%);Streptococcus isolates were resistant toβ-lactams,tetracycline and kanamycin(>80%),and vancomycin(26.7%);S.aureus isolates were resistant toβ-lactams(60%-85%)as well as gentamicin and three combination drugs(7.5%-13.2%),but sensitive to vancomycin;Salmonella isolates were resistant toβ-lactams,gentamicin,terramycin and doxycycline(75%-90%),cefotaxime(29%),tobramycin and amikacin(<10%);overall,these four bacterial species were largely sensitive to fluoroquinolones(with resistance level of<35%).Thus,cow endometritis around Hohhot,Inner Mongolia was mainly due to E.coli,Streptococcus,S.aureus and Salmonella infections,which could be effectively treated by fluoroquinolones.